Changes in leaf chemistry and anatomy of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (Myrtaceae) in response to native and exot
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Changes in leaf chemistry and anatomy of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (Myrtaceae) in response to native and exotic pathogens Flávia Sarti Bonora 1 David John Lee 1
&
Helen F Nahrung 1 & Richard Andrew Hayes 1 & Tanya Scharaschkin 2 & Geoff Pegg 3 &
Received: 28 December 2019 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV) is an economically and ecologically important timber species, native to eastern Australia. It is highly susceptible to Quambalaria pitereka, a coevolved endemic pathogen, and Austropuccinia psidii, an exotic invasive pathogen. Genes associated with resistance to Q. pitereka are specific and uncorrelated with the genes associated with resistance to A. psidii, suggesting different resistance mechanisms to each pathogen, possibly associated with leaf phenotypic traits. This study examined leaf chemical and anatomical differences in CCV between uninoculated plants and those inoculated with Q. pitereka and A. psidii. The results demonstrate that the pathogens induce different responses in CCV. Plants inoculated with A. psidii exhibited chemical and anatomical changes that were not observed in uninoculated controls and Q. pitereka-inoculated plants, such as deposition of polyphenols and tannins in upper/lower epidermis, variation in the proportion of monoterpenes, steroids, monounsaturated hydrocarbons and long chain hydrocarbons and higher leaf toughness. In contrast, CCV response to Q. pitereka altered the distribution of polyphenols and tannins in the leaves and possible accumulation of these compounds and lignin in necrotic areas. These findings provide a better understanding of factors underlying CCV responses to coevolved and exotic pathogens and add insights into plant-pathogen interactions. Keywords Induced response . Leaf anatomy . Myrtle rust . Quambalaria shoot blight . Leaf chemistry . Leaf histochemistry . Spotted gum . Secondary metabolites
Introduction Spotted gums (family Myrtaceae, section Maculatae, genus Corymbia) are an important part of Australia’s native forest, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-020-00739-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Flávia Sarti Bonora [email protected] 1
Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
2
Botanical Research, Art and Training, 54 Mill Road, Collinsvale, TAS 7012, Australia
3
Queensland Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Horticulture & Forestry Science, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
and naturally distributed from northern Queensland to eastern Victoria (Shepherd et al. 2008). Due to their desirable growth and form, adaptation to a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions, and excellent timber quality (Lee 2007) spotted gums are important commercial taxa in Australia (Lee 2007;
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