Changing Indian Images of the European Union Perception and Misperce
This book explores the images and perceptions of the European Union (EU) in the eyes of one of the EU’s three strategic partners in Asia in the context of its own distinct policies and identity. It fills a major gap in existing studies on how Asians perce
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Changing Indian Images of the European Union
Rajendra K. Jain Editor
Changing Indian Images of the European Union Perception and Misperception
Editor Rajendra K. Jain School of International Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, Delhi, India
ISBN 978-981-13-8790-6 ISBN 978-981-13-8791-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8791-3 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: eStudio Calamar This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
Images are a major factor that influence the behaviour and foreign policy choices of actors. The ‘reputation, the reflection of the reality of power in the mind of the observers can be as important as the reality of power itself. What others think about us is as important as what we actually are’ (Morgenthau, 1965). The images states hold of one another can create ‘an impression of incompatibility. Even though perceptions determine behaviour, perceptions in turn are also influenced by behavior’ (Sridharan 2001: 86–87). Analysis of external images is useful in evaluating ‘whether gaps between expectations and realities have affected the “reach” of EU influence’ (Rhodes 1998: 16). Images and perceptions of other nations provide ‘the basic framework within which the conduct of international relations and conflict resolution takes place’. International perceptions and attribution, Movahedi points out, ‘operate post hoc as a justificatory mechanism for the rationalization of many foreign policy decisions or actions taken in favour of or against another nation’ (Movahedi 1985: 1
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