Characterization and structural properties of bamboo fibre solid foams
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Characterization and structural properties of bamboo fibre solid foams H. Malekzadeh . N. S. B. Md Zaid . E. Bele
Received: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this work, cellulose fibres extracted from bamboo culms were used to fabricate two types of cellular materials: rigid foams and fibrous networks. A relatively simple and low-technology fabrication method is presented, using natural binders and blowing agents to manufacture rigid foams, and fibrillation by partial hydrolysis in H2SO4 to manufacture fibrous networks. The compressive response is related to the internal microstructure and processing parameters. In the case of fibrous networks, the achievable relative density range is determined by the length of initial fibres and extent of external fibrillation. The compressive properties are dictated both by the density of the network and strength of the fibrous bridges, showing a linear stiffness-density relationship due to the length of fibres, and an inverse relationship at increased external fibrillation. The rigid foams showed an orthotropic internal microstructure but nearly isotropic compressive response, due to the influence of the interpenetrating void structure on the deformation and fracture mechanisms. The results show the potential of bamboo-fibre porous materials as low cost, lightweight structural materials.
H. Malekzadeh N. S. B. Md Zaid E. Bele (&) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Cellular solids Bamboo fibre Structural properties Compressive strength Microstructure Biodegradable
Introduction Lightweight cellular solids, e.g. foams and fibrous networks, find wide use in weight-sensitive applications. Their ability to sustain large deformations in compression (Miltz and Ramon 1990), and the large volume fraction of enclosed air, makes them particularly useful in energy absorption applications (Gibson and Ashby 1997), insulation from thermal and vibrational sources (Poehler et al. 2017), filters, and architectural panels (Ha¨rka¨salmi et al. 2017). Continuous efforts are being made towards the manufacturing of environmentally-friendly counterparts to the traditional plastic and metal foams, with particular emphasis on two fronts: (1) the biodegradability and life-cycle impact of the constituent materials, and (2) the energy consumption of the material extraction and foaming processes. Foaming techniques for networks of natural fibres date to the early 1960s, e.g. in the formation of foam-formed pulp sheets, where suspensions of natural fibres were stabilised with surfactants and drained of the liquid phase (Radvan 1964; Bernardin 1969; Chung 1974). More recently, progress has been made on developing
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Cellulose
structurally competitive biopolymer foams from several types of organic materials. These involve the usage of vegetable oils (Tu et al. 2008), and wood byprod
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