Characterization of Anodic Films Produced on Anodized AA1050 Aluminum Alloy: Effect of Bio-additive
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DUCTION
ALUMINUM and its alloys are widely used in automotive, aerospace, food, textile, and electrical industries as structural materials due to their high specific strength and corrosion resistance.[1–3] The corrosion and wear resistance of aluminum can be improved by the formation of an uniform oxide layer on its surface.[4–6] One of the practical techniques to produce a uniform oxide layer on aluminum surface is anodizing, which is an electrochemical method performing in different types of electrolytes.[4,7] Common electrolytes used in aluminum anodizing process are aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid,[7–12] phosphoric acid,[9,11,13] oxalic acid,[9,11,12,14] and chromic acid.[9,11,15,16] Sulfuric acid electrolytes are more common due to their low cost, availability, and ability to form oxide films with appropriate properties.[16,17] Previous studies have indicated that the anodizing experimental conditions such as applied potential,[15]
KHASHAYAR MORSHED-BEHBAHANI, POORIA NAJAFISAYAR, RAMTIN HESSAM, and NIKA ZAKERIN are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, 7134851154, Shiraz, Iran. Contact email: pnajafi@shirazu.ac.ir Manuscript submitted May 18, 2020.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
electrolyte temperature,[11,14] and electrolyte composition [9,11] influence the properties of the resulting coatings. Among such experimental conditions, the electrolyte chemical composition plays a crucial role in determining the crystal structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the resulting coatings, which affects their corrosion and wear resistance.[18–21] In addition, presence of solid particles in the electrolyte can also influence coatings properties.[4,9] For instance, it has been reported that anodizing of aluminum in baths containing different types of solid particles such as Al2O3/PTFE,[22] SiC/PTFE,[23] and also additives like Na2SO4,[24] Ce2(SO4)3 and Nd (NO3)3 [25] influences the morphology, anodizing efficiency, crystal structure, chemical composition, corrosion, and wear resistance of the resulting coatings. The eggshell powders are considered as one of the well-known bio-based materials that have been used for various applications such as nano filtration in bio-derived green composites[26] and production of particle reinforced metal matrix composite coating.[27] Recently, there is growing trend to use bio-based substances in various industrial applications in order to modify electrochemical reactions and subsequently, mitigate the corrosion of metallic components.[28–30] However, the use of such non-hazardous and inexpensive bio-additives in anodizing baths, including different electrochemical processes, has not yet been reported. Since
there is not enough published research concerning the effect of the presence of natural additives like eggshell particles in sulfuric acid anodizing electrolyte, the present study aims to investigate the effect of the presence of eggshell particles in sulfuric acid anodizing bath on the chemical composition, str
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