Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal region
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal region Manman Ma1,2,3, Bo Zhang1,3, Ye Chen1,2,4, Wenrong Feng1,3, Tiezhu Mi1,2,3, Jianhua Qi1,2,3, Wenshuai Li5, Zhigang Yu2,6, Yu Zhen (✉)1,2,3
1 Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China 3 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 4 College of Marine life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 5 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 6 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ministry of Education); Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China*
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• Light haze had little effect on bacterial communities. • Fog and heavy haze had significant effects on these communities. • Air pollution exerted a greater influence than particle size on bacterial community.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 25 February 2020 Revised 20 October 2020 Accepted 21 October 2020 Available online 16 November 2020 Keywords: Bacterial community Persistent fog and haze Particle size
ABSTRACT Here, we report the characteristics of bacterial communities in aerosols with different particle sizes during two persistent fog and haze events in December of 2015 and 2016 in Qingdao, China. In the early stage of pollution, the accumulation of PM2.5 led to the accumulation of microorganisms, thus increasing the bacterial richness and diversity of fine particle sizes. With the persistence and aggravation of pollution, the toxic effect was strengthened, and the bacterial richness and diversity of each particle size decreased. When the particle concentration was highest, the richness and diversity were low for each particle size. Light haze had little influence on bacterial communities. The occurrence of highly polluted humid weather and heavy haze resulted in significant changes in bacterial community diversity, composition and structure, and air pollution exerted a greater influence than particle size on bacterial community structure. During persistent fog and haze events, with the increase of pollutants, bacteria associated with each particle size may be extensively involved in aerosol chemistry, but the degree of participation varies, which requires further study. © Higher Education Press 2020
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✉ Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Special Issue—Bioaerosol, Environment and Health (Responsible Editors: Can Wang, Jungho Hwang, Jingkun Jiang & Maosheng Yao)
Introduction
Haze is a phenomenon in which a large number of fine dry particles float uniformly in the air, rendering the horizontal visibility less than 10 km (CMA, 2010). When the relative humidity is less than 80%, decrease
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