Characterization of CeO 2 microspheres fabricated by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of CeO2 microspheres fabricated by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method Shou-Feng Xue, Yi-Juan Li, Feng-Hua Zheng, Xue Bian, Wen-Yuan Wu, Cheng-Hao Yang*
Received: 3 June 2020 / Revised: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020
Abstract CeO2 is one of the main catalysts for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). It is critical to find a green and costeffective fabrication method for CeO2 at scale. In this study, the CeO2 microspheres were prepared by one-step ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of cerium chloride solution at 700 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study demonstrate that the prepared CeO2 microspheres exhibit a particle size of 0.01–1.08 lm with a mean particle size of 0.23 lm, and more than 94% of the particles have a diameter less than 0.5 lm. But the presence of residual Cl in the fabricated CeO2 microspheres blocks the active sites and leads to the significant degradation of SOFC performance. The formation mechanism and distribution of residual Cl in the fabricated CeO2 microspheres were systemically studied. The water washing method was shown to effectively reduce the residual Cl in the CeO2 microspheres. Overall, this work provides a clean manufacturing process for the preparation of SOFC electrode/electrolyte materials. Keywords CeO2; Residual chlorine; Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
S.-F. Xue, Y.-J. Li, F.-H. Zheng, C.-H. Yang* Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Bian, W.-Y. Wu Institute of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
1 Introduction Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) is useful to fabricate various advanced materials [1], which have been widely used in batteries [2], catalysis [3], phosphors [4] and sensors [5]. It is attributed that the morphology, components, and particle size of the materials fabricated by USP process can be controlled [6]. There are many advantages of the USP method for the preparation of inorganic materials. First, the products are diversified in type, e.g., metal oxide [7], metal sulfide [8], phosphate [9], halide [10], and carbon [11] materials. Second, the raw materials are accessible and cheap, including inorganic metal salts (e.g., chloride, nitrates, and phosphate), and organic metal salts (e.g., oxalates, citrates, and acetates) [12]. Third, the USP equipment is integrated, automated, and requires lower energy consumption over the full production process [13]. Thus, the USP method has been considered as an environmentally friendly process for the fabrication of metal oxides. Many kinds of precursors have been used to prepare nano-sized materials by the USP method, but little research has focused on the reaction products of the precursor decomposition and their influence on environmental pollution. For example, when metal n
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