Characterization of M 23 C 6 Carbides Precipitating at Grain Boundaries in 100Mn13 Steel
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INTRODUCTION
HIGH-MANGANESE steel after being solution heat treated is widely used in metallurgy, mining, railway, etc. due to the excellent properties such as the high toughness, good wear resistance, and especially the high work hardening capacity under the strong impact load.[1–3] But its wear resistance is usually low due to its insufficient hardness under the non-strong impact load. Under the premise of maintaining good toughness and enhancing the hardness of the high-manganese steel, the aging treatment is an effective way to improve the wear resistance by carbide precipitation. The mechanical properties of high-manganese steel are closely related to the crystal structure of its phase composition. Under the conditions of different composition and aging temperature, the constituent phases of high-manganese steel are different.[4,5] During the low-temperature aging treatment, M23C6 is one of the typical carbides commonly precipitated at the grain boundary in high-manganese steel. M23C6 carbides play a very important role in the mechanical properties. After aging treatment, an appropriate amount of carbides precipitated at grain boundaries can improve the hardness and the strength of the high-manganese steel and Cr-Mn-N stainless steel.[6,7] ZHENFENG XU, Doctor, and ZHIMIN DING, Professor, are with the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] LINNAN DONG, Engineer, is with Hunan Aerospace Precision Machinery Co. LTD, Changsha, Hunan, China. BO LIANG, Engineer, is with Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. Cnr Group, Dalian 116028, Liaoning, China. Manuscript submitted November 19, 2015. Article published online August 12, 2016 4862—VOLUME 47A, OCTOBER 2016
The precipitation of M23C6 carbide in high-manganese steel is related to the content of carbon and manganese, and the aging treatment temperature. It is pointed out that, in the medium-carbon manganese steel, the type of carbide is absolutely M3C even under different aging temperatures when manganese is 10.6 wt pct.[8] However, as manganese is increased to 16 wt pct, there is M23C6 precipitated along grain boundaries below 873 K (600 °C).[9] Moreover, the preci pitation temperature is reduced with increasing manganese content.[10–12] Although increasing manganese content in high-manganese steel improves strength, this is expensive. Therefore, it will be a good choice for precipitating M23C6 with the less content of manganese under lower aging temperature. Previous scholars have reported the type of M3C precipitated in the high-manganese steel after aging treatment[13,14]; however, the precipitation of the M23C6 carbides in the high-manganese steel after aging treatment needs further study. Precipitation behaviors of M23C6 carbide in aging treatment have been studied in austenitic stainless steels extensively, such as the morphology, the characteristics of distribution, and the orientation relationships. Leigang Zheng et al.[7] reported that when the 0.3C-20C
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