Characterization of Pulse and Direct Current Methods for Electrodeposition of Ni-Co Composite Coatings Reinforced with N
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DUCTION
ELECTRODEPOSITION is one of the most reliable ways of acquiring nanostructured coatings with enhanced mechanical and electrochemical properties. The obtained structures through electrodeposition, and their corresponding properties have been widely studied in the last decades.[1] In recent years, electrodeposition has been utilized in producing metal matrix nanocomposite coatings.[2,3] Due to their noticeable wear and SIAVASH IMANIAN GHAZANLOU is with the Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran. Contact e-mail: [email protected] A.H.S. FARHOOD is with the Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. SOMAYEH AHMADIYEH and ALI RASOOLI are with the Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. EHSAN ZIYAEI is with the Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran. SAMAN HOSSEINPOUR is with the Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich–Alexander– Universita¨t Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Manuscript submitted October 25, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
corrosion resistances, the electrodeposited nanocomposite coatings have found a wide range of applications in automotive industries, e.g., in engines and casting modules.[3] Electrodeposition process for applying metal matrix composite is often characterized by four steps: (1) particle surface charge formation in suspension, (2) particle transfer thorough the suspension toward the cathode surface, (3) particles interaction with cathode surface, and (4) entrapment of nanoparticles in the germinating metal layer,[4] all of which are sensitive to the electrodeposition parameters. Thus, alterations in electrodeposition parameters affect the final structure and properties of the composite coating. Several researches, for instance, have indicated that increasing the current density during electrodeposition leads to reduction of coating microhardness.[3,5–16] Yang and Cheng[17] showed that in electroplating of Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coating, increasing the pulse frequency and reducing the duty cycle result in a higher SiC entrapment in the coating, which consequently enhance the coating’s microhardness. It should be mentioned that the hardness of the electrodeposited coating depends on the applied current alteration method, and in majority of the investigated cases, the maximum
hardness is achieved in this order: pulse reverse current (PRC) > pulsed current (PC) > direct current (DC) methods.[18] Similar results are confirmed by Kumar et al.,[19] who showed a higher microhardness of Ni-W/ TiO2 coating using PC method compared with DC procedure. Several studies also demonstrated that addition of particles into coatings during electrodeposition method decreases the grain size of the coatings and enhances their microhardness[2,6,9,12,14,19–32]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of ZnO particles on properties of Ni-Co/ZnO composite c
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