Chemical effect of bisphosphonates on the bone trabeculate of jaws via fractal dimension
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Chemical effect of bisphosphonates on the bone trabeculate of jaws via fractal dimension Y. Guerrero‑Sánchez1 · M. Fernández–Martínez2 · P. López‑Jornet1 · F. J. Gómez‑García1 Received: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this contribution, the role of biphosphonate as the fundamental chemical compo‑ nent in newly analyzed biochemical processes is studied, using both fractal dimen‑ sion analysis on the mathematical and theoretical side, and empirical evaluations of the results of some pathology problems. The main goal of this paper is to throw some empirical evidence that patients who underwent bisphosphonate based treat‑ ments may experience changes in their trabecular bone densities that worsens when‑ ever there are radiolucent injuries caused by invasive dental procedures. As such, we conducted a comparative study between two groups of subjects, namely, people who had general and dental health conditions, and patients with certain pathologies that were being treated with bisphosphonates and even had suffered osteonecrosis. We analyzed a collection of CBCT images obtained routinely throughout the oral exam‑ ination process. We use fractal dimension as an appropriate tool to detect changes in both trabecular structure and bone density. Our results highlighted significant dif‑ ferences between both groups. As a consequence, we postulate that bisphosphonate based treatments may provoke chemical reactions at a bone level whose changes could be quantified by routine radiological studies. Keywords Bisphosphonates · Fractal dimension · Osteonecrosis · Bone trabeculate * Y. Guerrero‑Sánchez [email protected] M. Fernández–Martínez manuel.fernandez‑[email protected] P. López‑Jornet [email protected] F. J. Gómez‑García [email protected] 1
Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer General Universitary Hospital, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez, 30008 Murcia, Spain
2
University Centre of Defence at the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE‑UPCT, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Murcia, Spain
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry
1 Introduction Bone homeostasis is a complex process in which distinct cellular elements, physical and chemical stimuli, and different biosignals (object of several studies) appear. At different stages of life, like in menopause or in the context of some diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other pathologies of a tumor origin (e.g., multiple myeloma and bone metastasis), the amount of bone that is destroyed during resorption, exceeds the bone replacement, thus causing a marked bone fragility and increasing the risk of fracture significantly. Initially, that process is accelerated or high remodeling leads to a loss of cancellous bone, but in the long-term, it will also end up by causing a quite important loss of cortical bone. For years, drugs were con‑ sidered since they could curb the resorptive capacity of the osteoclasts, thus being able to treat several disea
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