Chemical Electrostatics New Ideas on Electrostatic Charging: Mechani
This book provides new clues for understanding electrostatic charging in solids and liquids, resulting from the surge of research in this active area of science that is taking place since the 1990's but is still largely unknown to most researchers, lectur
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emical Electrostatics New Ideas on Electrostatic Charging: Mechanisms and Consequences
Chemical Electrostatics
Fernando Galembeck • Thiago A.L. Burgo
Chemical Electrostatics New Ideas on Electrostatic Charging: Mechanisms and Consequences
Fernando Galembeck Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Thiago A. L. Burgo Departament of Physics Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
ISBN 978-3-319-52373-6 ISBN 978-3-319-52374-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52374-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017935479 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
This book is dedicated to Emoke Hársi Galembeck, loving and courageous companion on a long journey. Fernando Galembeck and To my mother and my father, for their love and dedication. Thiago A.L. Burgo
Preface
Electrostatics is now in its second decade of great activity that challenged well- established ideas substituting them for new concepts. As it often happens in science, this was made possible by new experimental tools like the scanning probe microscopes and scanning electrodes that produce 3D plots of charge, potential, capacitance, or conductance at solid and liquid surfaces. Another factor for change was the dissemination of other experimental tools like the noncontact electrostatic probes that measure electrostatic potential. Researcher attitudes also changed and many decided to follow a suggestion made by Whitesides, accepting that macroscopic systems under equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium states may carry excess charge thus producing finite electric potential in
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