Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation
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EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation Zehua Cui1,2 Assaf Oshri1,2 Sihong Liu1,2 Emilie P. Smith1 Steven M. Kogan1 ●
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Received: 10 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Maltreatment is associated with risk for a wide range of socio-emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. Despite this risk, many maltreated youth adjust well through the process of resilience. Extant research demonstrates that future orientation is linked to reduced risks for maladjustment in adolescence. Few studies, however, have tested the protective and promotive role of future orientation using positive and negative developmental outcomes among maltreated youth. The present study aimed to investigate the promotive and moderating role of future orientation among a longitudinal sample of maltreated and demographically comparable non-maltreated youth (N = 1354, 51.5% female, 53.2% African American). Data collected from Time 1 (Mage = 4.56, SDage = 0.70) to Time 8 (Mage = 18.514, SDage = 0.615) were used. Compared to the non-maltreated youth, maltreated youth showed increased delinquent behaviors and reduced self-esteem. In addition, future orientation significantly predicted higher levels of social competence and attenuated the adverse effects of maltreatment on youth delinquency and substance use. The findings highlight the role of future orientation in the development of resilience among maltreated youth, bearing significant contributions to prevention and intervention programs designed to protect youth against risks linked to child maltreatment and promote their positive development. Keywords
Child maltreatment Future orientation Resilience Positive youth development ●
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Introduction Child maltreatment encompasses various forms of offending against children, including physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional maltreatment. It comprises a highly toxic and stressful rearing environment that places children at heightened risk for maladaptation across multiple domains of social (Alink et al. 2012), behavioral (Shin et al. 2013), and psychological functioning (Manly et al. 2001). Recent statistics suggest that in 2018, approximately 7.8 million children were referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) due to alleged child maltreatment, and 8.7% (678,000 children) were substantiated for maltreatment (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2020). Longitudinal research has
* Zehua Cui [email protected] 1
Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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demonstrated the long-term effects of child maltreatment on adolescents’ development of problem behaviors, including violence and delinquency (Yun et al. 2011) and substance use (Proctor et al. 2017). In addition to promoting adolescent problem behaviors, child maltreat
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