Childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: a narrative review analysis
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Childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: a narrative review analysis Alberto Verrotti, Renato D'Alonzo, Victoria Elisa Rinaldi, Sara Casciato, Alfredo D'Aniello, Giancarlo Di Gennaro L'Aquila, Italy
Data sources: A PubMed systematic search indexed for MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken to identify studies in children including articles written between 1996 and 2015. Retrospective studies, meta-analysis and case reports were included. The list of references of all the relevant articles was also studied. The date of our last search was December 2015. Results: Review of the literature revealed 19 cases, 8 females and 11 males, reporting a consecutive or contemporary coexistence of CAE and BECTS within the same patients. Patient's age ranged between 4 and 12 years. Three out of 19 patients presented concomitant features of both syndromes, whereas 16 patients experienced the two syndromes at different times. Conclusions: BECTS and CAE may be pathophysiologically related, and the two epileptic phenotypes may indicate a neurobiological continuum. Further studies are needed to elucidate a probable genetic or functional link between partial and primarily generalized electro-clinical patterns in idiopathic childhood epilepsies. World J Pediatr January 2017; Online First
Author Affiliations: Department of Paediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (Verrotti A); Department of Paediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (D'Alonzo R, Rinaldi VE); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy (Casciato S); IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (D'Aniello A, Di Gennaro G) Corresponding Author: Alberto Verrotti, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale S. Salvatore, L'Aquila University School of Medicine, L'Aquila 67100, Italy (Tel/Fax: 0864-368607; Email: alberto.verrottidipianella@ univaq.it) doi: 10.1007/s12519-017-0006-9 ©Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017. All rights reserved.
World J Pediatr, Online First, January 2017 . www.wjpch.com
Key words: absence seizures; benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes; childhood abscence epilepsy
Introduction
T
ypical absence seizures (TAS) can be defined as generalized seizures with an abrupt onset and ending of altered awareness which can vary in severity.[1] These episodes of altered consciousness are characterized by generalized spike-wave discharges at 3 Hz or more on electroencephalogram (EEG). [2] Memory for events during seizures is usually impaired and clonic movements of eyelids, head, eyebrows, chin or other facial parts may occur, while myoclonus of the limbs is rarely observed. Clinical manifestations typically last 9-10 seconds and are, at times, activated by hyperventilation and photic stimulation.[3] Absence seizures can be divided into two main forms: childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), with an age of onset of approximate 6 years, and juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), with an age of onset of approx
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