Chinese Earth Observation Satellites
China successfully launched its first meteorological satellite (FY-1A) in 1988. The country, driven by national needs and scientific progress, has gradually established a comprehensive Earth observation satellite system through 25 years of development (Fi
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Chinese Earth Observation Satellites
China successfully launched its first meteorological satellite (FY-1A) in 1988. The country, driven by national needs and scientific progress, has gradually established a comprehensive Earth observation satellite system through 25 years of development (Fig. 6.1). The system comprises meteorological satellites, ocean satellites, resource satellites, small satellite constellations for environment and disaster monitoring, and BeiDou navigation satellites. The information obtained from these satellites has provided a solid scientific basis for national economic development, government decision making, and development in various fields, and has provided valuable services to society. Plate 6.1 shows a road map for China’s Earth observation satellite development. Over the past 20 years, FY polar-orbiting satellites (FY-1, FY-3) and FY geostationary orbiting satellites (FY-2) have constituted a technical system of medium- to high-resolution and high temporal resolution observation. These satellites currently in operation have improved China’s capability for weather forecasts and climate change trend analysis to an internationally advanced level, with effective monitoring and forecasting of typhoons, floods, forest and grassland fires, droughts, dust storms, and other disasters (Fang et al. 2004; China Meteorological Administration 2012; National Satellite Ocean Application Service 2011a). China has a total sea area of 2,997,000 km2 , including territorial seas, exclusive economic zones, and continental shelves. The Chinese government has developed and deployed ocean color, ocean dynamics, and ocean radar satellites in order to better manage, develop, and utilize marine resources and protect China’s marine rights and interests in the twenty-first century. The HY-1B satellite was launched in 2007, followed by HY-2A in 2011. These satellites not only helped monitor and manage marine resources in China’s sea waters and key international waters, but also greatly improved the forecast accuracy of sea ice, sea temperature, and wind fields as well as the timeliness of sea disaster monitoring (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China 2007; National Satellite Ocean Application Service 2011a).
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 H. Guo et al., Scientific Satellite and Moon-Based Earth Observation for Global Change, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8031-0_6
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6 Chinese Earth Observation Satellites
Fig. 6.1 China’s Earth observation satellites
Since the country’s first resource satellite (CBERS-1) was launched in 1999, China has set up a resource satellite system (Chinese Academy of Sciences 2006; China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications 2012). Today, data products from resource satellites have been used in many fields such as agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, land resources, urban planning, environmental protection, surveying and mapping, and disaster monitoring. Resource satellites have played an indispensable role in sout
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