Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Large Peptide Systems
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Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Large Peptide Systems Konstantin K Konstantinov 1,2
& Alisa F Konstantinova
1
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking in far from equilibrium systems with large number of amino acids and peptides, like a prebiotic Earth, was considered. It was shown that if organic catalysts were abundant, then effective averaging of enantioselectivity would prohibit any symmetry breaking in such systems. It was further argued that non-linear (catalytic) reactions must be very scarce (called the abundance parameter) and catalysts should work on small groups of similar reactions (called the similarity parameter) in order to chiral symmetry breaking have a chance to occur. Models with 20 amino acids and peptide lengths up to three were considered. It was shown that there are preferred ranges of abundance and similarity parameters where the symmetry breaking can occur in the models with catalytic synthesis / catalytic destruction / both catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction. It was further shown that models with catalytic synthesis and catalytic destruction statistically result in a substantially higher percentage of the models where the symmetry breaking can occur in comparison to the models with just catalytic synthesis or catalytic destruction. It was also shown that when chiral symmetry breaking occurs, then concentrations of some amino acids, which collectively have some mutually beneficial properties, go up, whereas the concentrations of the ones, which don’t have such properties, go down. An open source code of the whole system was provided to ensure that the results can be checked, repeated, and extended further if needed. Keywords Chiral symmetry breaking . Origin of life . Large peptide systems . Averaging of enantioselectivity . Molecular competition and cooperation
* Konstantin K Konstantinov [email protected]
1
Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
2
Softellect Systems, Inc., 414-300 Ave des Sommets, Verdun, QC H3E 2B7, Canada
Konstantinov K.K., Konstantinova A.F.
Introduction The problem of chiral symmetry breaking in live matter or why life forms use only L enantiomers of amino acids and D enantiomers of sugars has been the subject of great scientific interest and extensive research since the discovery of enantiomers by Louis Pasteur more than 150 year ago. Many theoretical and experimental works were performed in this area, for example Frank 1953; Joyce et al. 1984; Kondepudi et al. 1985; Kauffman 1986; Avetisov and Goldanskii 1996; Steel 2000; Sandars 2003; Plasson et al. 2004; Saito and Hyuga 2004; Wattis and Coveney 2005; Weissbuch et al. 2005; Brandenburg et al. 2007; Plasson et al. 2007; Gleiser et al. 2008; van der Meijden et al. 2009; Kafri et al. 2010; Noorduin et al. 2010; Blackmond 2011; Blanco and Hochberg 2011; Hordijk et al. 2011; Coveney et al. 2012;
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