Cholecystectomy using the Revo-i robotic surgical system from Korea: the first clinical study

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Cholecystectomy using the Revo‑i robotic surgical system from Korea: the first clinical study Jin Hong Lim1 · Woo Jung Lee2 · Seung Ho Choi3 · Chang Moo Kang2  Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 © Italian Society of Surgery (SIC) 2020

Abstract This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the newly developed Revo-i (Meerecompany, Yongin, Republic of Korea) robotic surgical system during robot-assisted cholecystectomy. This prospective, phase I clinical study involved 15 patients with gallbladder-related disease. The primary outcome evaluated was the intraoperative safety of the Revo-i; the secondary outcomes measured were the 30-day postoperative complications and patient satisfaction with the Revo-i’s performance. Between August 17 and December 23, 2016, we performed 15 robot-assisted cholecystectomies. The operations were successfully completed, without any conversions to open or laparoscopic approaches. The mean patient age (53.07 years), mean operative time (115.3 ± 17.31 min [± standard deviation]), docking time (10.6 ± 3.16 min), console time (49.7 ± 15.41 min), actual dissection time (33.1 ± 10.53 min), and estimated blood loss (3.33 ± 6.17 mL) were determined. There were no intra- or postoperative complications, including gallbladder perforations. The mean hospital stay was 2.0 ± 1.00 days. Most patients reported satisfaction with the Revo-i’s performance. Performing robot-assisted cholecystectomies using the Revo-i is feasible and safe. This report describes the first clinical study of the Revo-i robotic surgical system in human patients. Keywords  da Vinci · Revo-i · Robot · Cholecystectomy

Introduction Since the da Vinci™ surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA, USA) was created in the late 1990s  [1, 2], robot-assisted operations have been widely accepted, proven to be safe for patients, and associated with favorable patient outcomes [3–7]. The three-dimensional operative view, seven degrees of motion freedom, motion scaling, and Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1330​4-020-00877​-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chang Moo Kang [email protected] 1



Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery, Department of surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea

2



Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery, Department of surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea

3

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea



tremor filtration enable surgeons to perform more delicate operations. However, although the da Vinci™ surgical system has been the sole leader in this area, debate continues regarding whether robot-assisted operations are necessary due to their high cost [8–10]. In Korea, Meerecompany, Inc. has invested in new robotic surgical systems since 2006, producing a new robotic surgi