Cholecystokinin 1 and 2 in red seabream Pagrus major : molecular cloning, response to feeding, and a potential indicator
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Aquaculture
Cholecystokinin 1 and 2 in red seabream Pagrus major: molecular cloning, response to feeding, and a potential indicator of dietary protein source quality Tran Thi Mai Huong1,2 · Koji Murashita3 · Ayaka Senzui1 · Toshiro Matsumoto1 · Haruhisa Fukada1 Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2020
Abstract Cholecystokinin (Cck) and peptide YY (Pyy) play important roles in digestive regulation in fish, but their function in red seabream (Pagrus major) remains obscure. Two cck complementary DNAs (cck-1 and cck-2) in red seabream were identified, and tissue distribution analysis of the genes revealed that cck and pyy were expressed throughout the digestive tract, except for stomach cck-2. After feeding, cck-1 expression significantly increased in the stomach and pyloric caeca, cck-2 expression significantly increased in the pyloric caeca and hindgut, and pyy expression increased in the pyloric caeca of red seabream. After oral administration of dietary protein, i.e., high-quality fish meal (HQFM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), or low-quality FM (LQFM), only HQFM significantly increased stomach cck-1 expression. To assess the growth of red seabream in response to different sources of dietary protein, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated: HQFM, SPC with a low percentage of HQFM, and LQFM. Mean body weight was highest in the HQFM group after 6 weeks. The stomach cck-1 response to HQFM may explain the high growth in the HQFM group. Our data suggest that cck-1, cck-2, and pyy are involved in digestion. Furthermore, stomach cck-1 may be a valuable tool for evaluating the quality of dietary protein sources for red seabream. Keywords Cholecystokinin · Digestion · Peptide YY · Protein sources · Red seabream
Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body and produces around 30 different peptide hormones that act on different tissues, such as those of the exocrine glands, the GI tract, and the central nervous system (Murphy et al. 2006). In humans and other mammals, almost all of these hormones are sensitive to gut nutrient contents, and most of them play a regulatory role in energy * Haruhisa Fukada fukuharu@kochi‑u.ac.jp 1
Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Kochi 783‑8502, Japan
2
Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
3
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Mie 519‑0423, Japan
homeostasis, principally in the short-term regulation of food intake (Mendieta-Zerón et al. 2008). In vertebrates, cholecystokinin (Cck) is an anorexigenic GI peptide (Raybould 2007). Cck plays a physiological role not only in the regulation of food intake and satiation but also in digestion. In vertebrates, it promotes digestion through its high activity in the digestive system (Raybould 2007). Cck plays a key role in digestive physiology by stimulating pancreatic secreti
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