Cholesterol-binding ability of saponin from Japanese starfish
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cholesterol-binding ability of saponin from Japanese starfish Farhana Sharmin1 • Tomoyuki Koyama1 • Hiroki Koyama1 • Shoichiro Ishizaki1
Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract Steroidal gylcosides are the predominant metabolites of starfish and are responsible for various biological activities. Some of these activities are recognized as a part of self-defense mechanism of starfish. Cholesterol-binding ability was evaluated with seven starfish crude extracts, where significantly (p \ 0.05) highest ability (34%) was observed in Asterias amurensis and the lowest (16%) was attributed in Distolasterias nippon. To characterize the active compound exists in crude saponin from A. amurensis, the extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography following silica gel column chromatography. As the results, seven fractions (fr. A-G) were separated and frs. D and F demonstrated the highest cholesterol-binding ability (32% and 33%, respectively), equivalent to that of the A. amurensis extract. The isolated component (fr. F) was further separated (fr. F1–F3) for structural analysis. Based on cholesterol-binding ability result (29%), fr. F2 was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) and then nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The compound was identified as thornasteroside A, one of the major bioactive compounds
& Shoichiro Ishizaki [email protected] Farhana Sharmin [email protected] Tomoyuki Koyama [email protected] Hiroki Koyama [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
already found in A. amurensis. The discovery of a saponin with cholesterol-binding ability has important implications not only for the utilization of starfish but also for food and pharmaceutical research. Keywords Starfish saponin Cholesterol-binding ability Thornasteroside A MALDI-TOF MS. NMR
Introduction Saponins are natural glycosides, which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and some marine animals like sea cucumbers (Holothuriidae) and starfish (Asteroidea) (Caulier et al. 2011; Andersson et al. 1989). They consist of a sugar moiety (i.e., glucose, galactose, pentose, and xylose) combined with a hydrophobic aglycone (i.e., sapogenin) (Ishizaki et al. 1997) and play defensive roles against infectious agents (Kubanek et al. 2002). Many plant extracts contain saponin, especially obtained from Saponaria officinalis (soponin), and Quillaja saponaria (quillaja), traditionally have been used as soap (Augustin et al. 2011; Vincken et al. 2007). It was also reported that saponins from ginseng root (Panax ginseng) have been used as one of the traditional Chinese medicines for a long time (Park et al. 2009). In mammalian cells, saponins affect various pathways at the molecular level, providing many interesting pharmacological acti
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