Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids
Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules that are asymmetrically distributed in the bilayer. They provide the neural membranes with a suitable environment, fluidity, and ion permeability. The degree of saturation and the len
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Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids
A. A. Farooqui . L. A. Horrocks . T. Farooqui
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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Biosynthesis of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids in Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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Incorporation of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids into Neural Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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Effects of Structural Variation of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids on Neural Membrane Structure and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Catabolism of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids in Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6 Roles of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids in Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.1 Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids Provide Precursors for Second Messengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2 PLA2, PLC, and PLD-Generated Second Messengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.3 Plasmalogens as Antioxidants and Membrane Fusion Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.4 Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids in Apoptotic Cell Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.5 PAF and its Role in Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.6 Modulation of Enzymic Activities by Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids . . . . . . . . . 33 7
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
G. Tettamanti & G. Goracci (eds.), Neural Lipids, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_2, # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009
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Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids
Abstract: Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules that are asymmetrically distributed in the bilayer. They provide the neural membranes with a suitable environment, fluidity, and ion permeability. The degree of saturation and the length of glycerophospholipid-acyl chains are important determinants of neural membrane properties. Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticu
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