Cholinergic Precursors Modulate the Expression of Heme Oxigenase-1, p21 During Astroglial Cell Proliferation and Differe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cholinergic Precursors Modulate the Expression of Heme Oxigenase-1, p21 During Astroglial Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Culture V. Bramanti • D. Tomassoni • S. Grasso • D. Bronzi • M. Napoli A. Campisi • G. Li Volti • R. Ientile • F. Amenta • R. Avola
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Received: 23 May 2012 / Revised: 8 August 2012 / Accepted: 14 August 2012 / Published online: 7 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in oxidative stress processes, apoptosis and cell differentiation. Further, some proteins related to cell cycle including cyclins and p21 are important markers of astrocyte cultures. Aim of investigation was to study the effects of cholinergic precursors (choline, CDP-choline, Acetylcholine and a-Glyceril-Phosphorylcholine) on HO-1 and p21 expression during astroglial cell proliferation and differentiation in primary cultures at 14 and 35 days in vitro (DIV) treated for 24 h with choline metabolites. Our results showed a slight reduction of HO-1 expression (data not statistical significant) in astroglial cell cultures treated with CDP-choline at 14 DIV and 35 DIV. On the contrary, ACh and choline induced a significant increase of HO-1 expression in 14 DIV
astrocyte cultures. Surprisingly, choline and ACh dramatically reduced HO-1 expression at 35 DIV. A slight decrease not statistical significant was detectable for a-GPC at 14 DIV and particularly significant at 35 DIV. Data concerning p21 expression, a well known protein inhibiting cell cycle, evidenced a significant increase at 14 and 35 DIV after a-GPC treatment. CDP-choline treatment caused a high increase of p21 expression in 14 DIV astrocyte cultures, but no modification at 35 DIV. Instead, ACh treatment induced a marked increment of p21 expression at 35 DIV. Our data suggest that cholinergic precursors modulate HO-1 and p21 expression during astroglial cell proliferation and differentiation in culture and could be considered a tool to study the induced effects of ischemia and hypoxia diseases in some in vitro models to prevent and reduce its effects after treatment with cholinergic drugs.
V. Bramanti (&) S. Grasso D. Bronzi R. Avola Department of Chemical Sciences, Section Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Choline precursors Astroglial cell cultures HO-1 p-21 Proliferation Differentiation
R. Avola e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
D. Tomassoni F. Amenta School of Pharmacy, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy M. Napoli Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy A. Campisi G. Li Volti Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy R. Ientile Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. Astrocytes
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