Chronic wasting associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae in three ex situ breeding facilities for tropical frogs
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chronic wasting associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae in three ex situ breeding facilities for tropical frogs Tobias Eisenberg . Ahmad Fawzy . Ute Kaim . Anne Nesseler . Karin Riße . Iris Vo¨lker . Silke Hechinger . Nicole Schauerte . Christina Geiger . Tobias Knauf-Witzens . Ingo Schwabe . Christiane Schnee . Elisabeth Liebler-Tenorio . Can Imirzalioglu . Reinhard Sting
Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract A number of different Chlamydia spp. have been detected in the class Amphibia with C. pneumoniae being the predominant species involved. Chlamydiae have been linked to mass mortality events, thereby representing significant pathogens that deserve attention with respect to worldwide amphibian decline. We here present six cases of chlamydiosis and asymptomatic chlamydial infections in different frog species from three ex situ amphibian conservation facilities. Clinical signs predominantly characterised by regurgitation, chronic wasting, lethargy and
suspended breeding were associated with C. pneumoniae infection. Despite various treatment regimens, it was not possible to clear infections. However, intra vitam diagnostics succeeded from skin, faeces and urine for the first time.
T. Eisenberg (&) A. Fawzy U. Kaim A. Nesseler K. Riße I. Vo¨lker S. Hechinger Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Schubertstr. 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
I. Schwabe R. Sting Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency Stuttgart, Schaflandstr. 3/3, 70736 Fellbach, Germany
T. Eisenberg Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany A. Fawzy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Keywords Chlamydia pneumoniae Frog Amphibian Infectious disease Zoonosis
C. Schnee E. Liebler-Tenorio Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis (IMP), FriedrichLoeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96 a, 07743 Jena, Germany C. Imirzalioglu Justus Liebig University Giessen and German Center for Infection research (DZIF), Partner-site Giessen-MarburgLangen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
N. Schauerte C. Geiger Frankfurt Zoo, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt, Germany T. Knauf-Witzens Wilhelma – The Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Wilhelma 13, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Introduction The genus Chlamydia is the sole genus in the family Chlamydiaceae and currently contains thirteen valid taxa (Borel and Greub 2019; Kuo et al. 2011; Sachse et al. 2015), although a novel genus, Chlamydophila, had transitionally been accepted between 1999 and 2015 (Everett et al. 1999). Besides traditional avian and mammalian hosts, chlamydiae are known to infect also poikilothermic vertebrates including fish, amphibians and rep
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