Civil Society and the Professions in Eastern Europe Social Change an
Focusing on service-providing organizations established by health and human service professionals in post-Communist Poland, this book adds a new dimension to the sociological study of voluntary organizations. The author investigates the motives and intere
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NONPROFIT AND CIVIL SOCIETY STUDIES An International Multidisciplinary Series Series Editor: Helmut K. Anheier London School of Economics and Political Science London, United Kingdom
PRIVATE FUNDS, PUBLIC PURPOSE Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective Edited by Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PROFESSIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE Social Change and Organizational Innovation in Poland S. Wojciech Sokolowski
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Civil Society and the Professions in Eastern Europe Social Change and Organizational Innovation in Poland
S. WOJCIECH SOKOLOWSKI Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
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To my parents
Hegel remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in world history occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second as farce.... Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living. And just when they seem engaged in revolutionizing themselves and things, in creating something that has never existed, precisely in such periods of revolutionary crisis they anxiously conjure up the spirits of the past to their service and borrow from them names, battle cries and costumes in order to present the new scene of world history in this time-honoured disguise and this borrowed language.... Thus the awakening of the dead in those revolutions served the purpose of glorifying the new struggles, not parodying the old; of magnifying the given task in imagination, not of fleeing from its solution in reality; of finding once more the spirit of revolution, not of making its ghost walk about again. Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brurnaire of Louis Bonaparte, New York: International Publishers, [1852] 1987, pp. 15–17.
Preface This research project owes its inspiration to the desideratum of the renowned French sociologist Alain Touraine (1988) to “return to the actor” in sociological analyses. It therefore adds a new dimension to the sociology of voluntary organizations: an empirical investigation into the m
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