Clay-activated carbon adsorbent obtained by activation of spent bleaching earth and its application for removing Pb(II)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Clay-activated carbon adsorbent obtained by activation of spent bleaching earth and its application for removing Pb(II) ion Wenjie Liu 1 & Kun Yuan 1 & Kecheng Yin 1 & Shixiang Zuo 1 & Chao Yao 1 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract BE/C-A750-1/1 is prepared by carbonizing SBE and then activating with KOH. BE/C-A750-1/1 has good adsorption capacity for Pb(II), and the adsorption capacity for Pb(II) is 206.65 mg/g. The harmful effects of coexisting cations are listed in ascending order: K+ < Na+ < Mg2+. Adsorption and desorption studies show that the adsorption capacity of BE/C-A750-1/1 for Pb(II) after adsorption and desorption 3 times is 183.62 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism mainly includes electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, physical adsorption, and chemical complexation. This suggests that activated BE/C may be a promising candidate for removing Pb(II) from industrial wastewater. Keywords KOH . Spent bleaching earth . Carbonizing . Activating . Pb(II) . Mechanisms
Introduction Global environmental issues are one of the hottest discussions, among which water pollution is the most studied. Among different types of water pollution, heavy metal pollution is the most serious (Wang and Chen 2009). People drink water containing heavy metal ions, they can harm human health even at low concentrations (Ghaedi et al. 2015). Pb(II) is a common pollutant in industrial wastewater. It damages human intellectual and bone development, and kidney and gastrointestinal system through polluted water (Mânzatu et al. 2017, Tabaraki et al. 2014). Therefore, it is very important to treat industrial wastewater before it is discharged into the ecological environment. There are many ways to deal with heavy metal ions, such as adsorption, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, filtration, and ion exchange (Chi et al. 2017, Fu and Wang 2011, Lam et al. 2018, Tavakoli et al. 2017, Zeraatkar
Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10473-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chao Yao [email protected] 1
School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
et al. 2016, Zhang et al. 2014). Among these methods, adsorption is widely used due to its simplicity and convenience (Liu et al. 2014a, Sharma et al. 2019). However, the development of a new type of adsorbent with low cost and high adsorption capacity remains a challenge. Clay minerals are inexpensive and abundant natural resource that have been used in heavy metal adsorption (Liu et al. 2014b). Many studies have found that the ability to adsorb pollutants can be improved through the modification of clay minerals (Li et al. 2016, Taimur and Yasin 2017). Among them, clay/carbon materials have been found to have high adsorption properties for heavy metal ions (Hlungwane et al. 2018, Tan
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