Climate Change and Disaster Forensics
“Climate Change and Disaster Forensics” relates and applies forensic theory, insight and analysis to disaster related research and practice. It explores, describes and explains human causality of climate change related disasters and their impact on human
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Abstract “Climate Change and Disaster Forensics” relates and applies forensic theory, insight and analysis to disaster related research and practice. It explores, describes and explains human causality of climate change related disasters and their impact on human and environmental losses. The chapter also identifies and describes new and innovative methodologies and strategies to analyze climate related disasters, reduce disaster risk, and improve disaster mitigation, adaption, and management. Emphasis is given to vigilant monitoring and assessment of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to limit global warming to 2 °C by 2030, a critical target set to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change.
Keywords Climate change Disaster forensics Disaster risk reduction Forensic disaster analysis (FDA) Climate smart disaster risk management (CSDRM) Intended nationally determined contributions (INDC) Conference of the parties (COP 21) Paris 2015
1 Climate Change Related Disasters Climate change related disasters include hydrological events such as floods, storm surges, and coastal flooding, and meteorological events such as storms, tropical cyclones, heat/cold waves, drought, and wildfires. Geophysical disasters include earthquakes, volcanoes, dry rock falls, landslides, and avalanches. While the number of geophysical disasters has remained fairly stable since the 1970s, the number of climate change related (hydro-meteorological) disasters has greatly increased. A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) report found that weather and climate change related disasters caused nearly 2 million deaths globally since 1971. The report focused on six types of hazards: floods, droughts, extreme R. Prizzia (&) University of Hawaii-West Oahu, Kapolei, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A.J. Masys (ed.), Disaster Forensics, Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41849-0_9
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temperatures, storms, wildfires, and landslides from 1971 to 2010. Temperature anomalies during the 2003 European heat wave alone caused more than 72,200 deaths as observed and recorded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) has been maintaining an Emergency Events Database EM-DAT since 1988. CRED EM-DAT provides an evidence base to the international community to assist humanitarian action at national and international levels, improve decision-making for disaster preparedness, and provide an objective basis for vulnerability assessment and priority setting. EM-DAT’s 2014 annual review of disaster figures outlines information about the EM-DAT International Disaster Database, its definitions, criteria and content and provides regional analysis on Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Findings in the report include that 324 natural hazard related disasters, many of which were cli
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