Climate Change and the White World

This book showcases the results of studies pertaining to climate changes in the Polar Regions - Arctic-Antarctic-Himalaya. It discusses the significant variations due to thinning of sea ice in the Arctic, insights on the first Indian Arctic multi-sensor m

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te Change and the White World

Climate Change and the White World

Prem Shankar Goel  •  Rasik Ravindra Sulagna Chattopadhyay Editors

Climate Change and the White World

Editors Prem Shankar Goel National Institute of Advanced Studies Bangalore, India Sulagna Chattopadhyay LIGHTS Research Foundation New Delhi, India

Rasik Ravindra ESSO - National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Goa, India

ISBN 978-3-030-21678-8    ISBN 978-3-030-21679-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21679-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

The current book Climate Change and the White World is the outcome of the 4th Conference on Science and Geopolitics of Himalaya, Arctic and Antarctic (SaGHAA IV 2017) held at the Convention Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, on November 30 and December 1, 2017. The Arctic, Antarctica and the third Pole-Himalaya have drawn the attention of scientists and researchers in the last few decades like never before due to the unprecedented changes in the environment and morphology of cryospheric regions. The region also has seen the emergence of political interventions and strategic scientific developments especially in view of the claims of coastal states to continental shelves beyond their exclusive economic zones and on the issues of Antarctic Treaty System. The year 2018 has been ranked fourth warmest on record. As per a recent report of NASA, 18 of the 19 warmest years have occurred since 2001. The global warming and associated climate variability that scientists had been warning about are no longer a myth. The increasing evidences in the form of extreme weather events, viz. increase in flash