Climate Change: Its Impact on Bio-resource and Sustainable Agriculture
Climate change is a complex alteration of climate, which is subtle and continuous, yet extremely important through its consequences for vegetation of various types that thrived under constant or relatively unchanged climates. Potential adaptation strategi
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Climate Change: Its Impact on Bio-resource and Sustainable Agriculture Aruna Kumari and Ratikanta Maiti
Abstract
Climate change is a complex alteration of climate, which is subtle and continuous, yet extremely important through its consequences for vegetation of various types that thrived under constant or relatively unchanged climates. Potential adaptation strategies for management of the impact of climate change—viz developing cultivars tolerant to heat and salinity stress and resistant to flood and drought, modifying crop management practices, improving water management, adopting new farming techniques such as resource-conserving technologies, crop diversification, improving pest management, better weather forecasting and crop insurance, and harnessing the indigenous technical knowledge of farmers—are briefly discussed. The chapter makes a brief assessment of research undertaken on the effects of global warming and climate change on various aspects— (1) impact of climate on agricultural production and forestry; (2) crop production; (3) impact of an increasing level of carbon dioxide on security of life; (4) impact of climate change on food inflation; (5) suggestion of various mitigation strategies for climate change; (6) carbon sequestration technology to reduce carbon pollution; (7) climate-smart agriculture; (8) conservation practices under rain-fed agriculture; (9) intercropping; (10) genotype environment; and (11) impact of climate on livestock production—and discusses technologies that need to be adopted to combat climate change.
3.1 A. Kumari () Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural College, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Polasa, Jagtial, Karimnagar 505 529, Telangana, India e-mail: [email protected] R.K. Maiti Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carr. No 85, km 145, NL 67700 Linares, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Global warming, or climate change, has been strongly attributed to greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere, like carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (NO2 ) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These GHGs absorb the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface. Thus, the rising concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere could lead to a change
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 R.K. Maiti et al. (eds.), Bioresource and Stress Management, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0995-2_3
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in energy balance and eventually the world’s climate. CO2 is by far the largest contributor to the man-made enhanced greenhouse effect (IPCC 2007) cited in Crutzen and Wacławek (2015). Increasing global warming is associated with an increase in abiotic and biotic stresses, which have direct negative impacts on plants, animals, soils and crop productivity. According to Crutzen and Wacławek (2015), anthropogenic actions have increasing effects on the environment on all scales, in a lot of ways overcoming natural processes. During the last 100 years the
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