Cloud-Based IoT Smart Parking System for Minimum Parking Delays on Campus

Growing cities always have parking challenges and they are in need for creative ideas to solve this issue and avoid the time wasted in searching for empty parking spots. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simple solution using a low-cost cloud

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University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA [email protected] 2 University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

Abstract. Growing cities always have parking challenges and they are in need for creative ideas to solve this issue and avoid the time wasted in searching for empty parking spots. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simple solution using a low-cost cloud-based system design. The design will be initially implemented on campus in one parking lot at the University of Central Oklahoma. The goal is to make the faculties and students life easier by guiding them to empty parking spots. The design of the proposed system is discussed in this paper and preliminary data are presented including the cost function. The system will guide the users through the web-based application. Keywords: Smart parking  Internet of Things (IoT)  Mobility  Cloud Platform  Cost function  UBIDOTS  Fermi-Dirac  OpenStreetMap  Active nodes



1 Introduction Most people waste a large amount of their time searching for an empty parking spot on a daily basis. Based on [1] the average time spent looking for parking across the U.S. is 17 h a year. In [2] a research done by UCLA urban-planning professor Donald Shoup found the average time a driver spent looking for an empty parking spot was 3.3 min. Therefore, in a typical search for parking spot in urban areas a driver can spend on average anywhere between 3 to 14 min. To solve the problem of parking delays, different solutions for smart parking were proposed such as the ones in [3] and [4]. However, most smart parking solutions only considered metered parking, curb parking or cars with RFID tags. Today we live in a world with advanced technologies where most people have smart devices and/or new cars equipped with different kinds of sensors, GPS, wireless connectivity and many other features. We can make use of these advanced technologies to solve many problems such as the problem of delays in parking lots. The University of Central Oklahoma (UCO), as well as most of the colleges in the United States, shares the same problem when it comes to parking spots. The problem becomes even worse during special events such as homecoming, graduation and football games. In order for drivers to make quick decisions, they need to know which parking lots have available parking spots. If the drivers are able to receive © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 V. Issarny et al. (Eds.): ICIOT 2019, LNCS 11519, pp. 131–139, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23357-0_11

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information about the exact locations of available parking spots, the traffic congestion will be reduced and the traffic flaw will be smoother around campus. This paper outlines the design of a smart parking system and shows the process of allocating free parking spots and navigating the users directly to them. The proposed smart parking system is a cloud-based system connected to the web and a cell phone application. The embedded system will be operated by a Microcontr