Cluster Estimation in Terrestrial and Underwater Sensor Networks
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Cluster Estimation in Terrestrial and Underwater Sensor Networks Najma Ismat1 · Rehan Qureshi1 · Rabia Noor Enam1 · Shaheena Noor1 · Muhammad Tahir1 Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), clustering is considered as an efficient network topology which maximizes the received data at the sink by minimizing a direct transmission of data from the sensor nodes. Limiting direct communication between sensor nodes and the sink is achieved by confining sensor node’s transmission within a certain region known as clusters. Once data are being collected from all the sensors in the cluster it is sent to the sink by a node designated to communicate with the sink within a cluster. This technique not only reduces the network congestion, but it increases data reception, and conserves network energy. To achieve an increase in data received at the sink, it is necessary that the correct number of clusters are created within a sensing field. In this paper a new heuristic approach is presented to find the optimal number of clusters in a mobility supported terrestrial and underwater sensor networks. To maintain a strong association between sensor nodes and the node designated known as cluster-head (CH), it is necessary that sensor node’s mobility should also be considered during the cluster setup operation. This approach not only reduces the direct transmission between the sensor nodes and sink, but it also increases sensor node’s connectivity with its CH for the transmission of sensed data which results in the creation of a stable network structure. The proposed analytical estimate considers sensor node’s transmission range and sensing field dimensions for finding the correct number of the clusters in a sensing field. With this approach a better network coverage and connectivity during the exchange of data can be achieved, which in turn increases the network performance. Keywords Mobile wireless sensor · MWSN · Optimal clustering · Newtork coverage · Rotation
1 Introduction Wireless sensor network has gained popularity due to their diverse support to application area on the ground or terrestrial to underwater. They offer flexible and scalable network structure, but the network design is highly application dependent. Traditional WSN is a static network * Najma Ismat [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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where sensor nodes have fixed location to monitor some environmental or physical phenomena in its surroundings and they are less complex than WSN infrastructures with node mobility or when they are deployed underwater. Mobile WSN (MWSN) is like WSN has limited resources, but both sensor nodes and sink can move within a sensing area. There are a number of applications that support node mobility to sense and gather data like target tracking, habitat monitoring, patient monitoring, disaster management. The movement of a sensor node may be due
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