CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifer with Vertical Heterogeneity
CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) is a classical application of fluid flow in porous media. In recent years, CCS technology is considered an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. Saline aquifer is given special affection for CCS because of its huge amount of
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CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifer with Vertical Heterogeneity
Abstract
CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) is a classical application of fluid flow in porous media. In recent years, CCS technology is considered an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. Saline aquifer is given special affection for CCS because of its huge amount of storage. In this chapter, we will first discuss mathematics model for CO2 storage in terms of fluid flow theory, then introduce analytical solution to obtain percolating resistance and sweep efficiency. Finally, we evaluate and analyze storage effect of CO2. Keywords
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) Vertical heterogeneity solutions Percolating resistance Sweep efficiency
9.1
Analytical
Description of CO2 Storage
The process of CO2 (Carbon dioxide) storage in nature has been happening for millions of years. But the artificial way to inject CO2 into the formation has been implemented since 1970s. CO2 storage is one of the core contents of CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) technology, and also the most challenging chain in the whole process of CCS. At present, the geological structures suitable for CO2 storage include deep saline aquifer, exhausted oil and gas field, and basalt aquifer [1]. Massive emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere are the most direct reason that causes global warming and climate change, so more and more countries are starting to focus on carbon abatement technologies. In recent years, the method, CCS is considered the most effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [2, 3]. Saline aquifer is given special affection because of its huge amount of storage. Therefore, © Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 H. Song, Engineering Fluid Mechanics, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0173-5_9
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CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifer with Vertical Heterogeneity
Table 9.1 List of global CCS projects Project name, Nation
CO2 processing capacity Mt/a (year)
Geological structure
Sequestration depth
Sleipner, Norway
1 (1996)
1000
In Salah, Algeria
1 (2004)
Frio Project, U.S.A
0.65 (2004)
Snohvit, Norway
0.75 (2008)
Gorgon, Australia
3.3 (2009)
Oedos, China
>0.1 (2010)
West Pearl Queen, U.S.A Otway Basin, Australia Total Lacq, France
0.036 (2002)
Marine saline aquifer Continental saline aquifer Continental saline aquifer Marine saline aquifer Marine saline aquifer Continental saline aquifer Exhausted oil field
1 (2005)
Exhausted oil field
2056
0.075 (2006)
Exhausted oil field
4500
1850 1540 2600 2500 3000 1370
deep saline aquifer is the best choice for the storage of CO2 [4, 5]. At present, the representative projects of CCS, which are running or building in the world, is shown in Table 9.1. Generally, saline aquifer injected with CO2 is located deeper than 800 m underground where CO2 is in supercritical state (pressure of 7.382 MPa, temperature of 31.048 °C is the supercritical state of CO2) [6]. This condition can improve the efficiency of the CO2 storage. Therefore, the process of injecting and storing CO2 i
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