Coated Tools
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Coated Tools
Definition
Konstantinos-Dionysios Bouzakis1, Nikolaos Michailidis2, Georgios Skordaris3 and Emmanouil Bouzakis4 1 Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering and Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing (PCCM)/Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, School of Mechanical Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Physical Metallurgy Laboratory and Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing (PCCM)/Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 3 Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering and Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing (PCCM)/Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 4 Department of Engineering, German University of Technology in Oman (GUtech), Muscat, Oman
Coatings deposited on cutting tools are ceramic layers of few micrometers in thickness which exhibit high mechanical strength and hardness, chemical inertness, and low thermal conductivity. As such, a significant increase in performance is realized over uncoated tools.
Synonyms
Extended Definition Coated tools have compound material structure, consisting of the substrate covered with a hard, antifriction, chemically inert, and thermal isolating layer, up to several micrometers thick. In this way, coated tools compared to uncoated ones offer better protection against mechanical and thermal loads, diminish friction and interactions between tool and chip, and improve wear resistance in a wide cutting temperature range. Coatings follow the topomorphy of the tool substrate surface. Depending on the deposition process, the film thickness may vary on the flank and rake faces of the tool. In addition to the inherent properties of the film, coating adhesion is also pivotal for the cutting performance. An electron micrograph of a cross section through a coated cemented carbide insert is presented in Fig. 1.
Tools with thin hard protective surface films; Tools with thin hard protective surface layers
# CIRP 2018 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6395-4
2
Coated Tools Section A-A rake
ρeff
rake flank
coating
flank
A
A
substrate
1μm
Substrate: HW-K30, Coating: Ti40Al60N
Coated Tools, Fig. 1 Electron micrograph of a cross section through a coated carbide insert
Theory and Application History Coatings produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were already commercialized for carbide inserts in the 1960s. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) was developed almost 20 years later, and today both CVD and PVD are sharing the coating market of cutting tools. TiN coatings were first applied industrially on cutting tools. The next generation of coatings was composed of chromium nitride (CrN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN). The evolution of TiAlN, by adding aluminum to the TiN base composition, provided not only a higher hardness but also a rem
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