Codes and Turbo Codes

This book is devoted to one of the essential functions of modern telecommunications systems: channel coding or error correction coding. At the crossroads of information theory, mathematics and electronics, channel coding has undergone many developments si

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Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong Londres Milan Tokyo

Claude Berrou (Ed.)

Codes and Turbo Codes

Claude Berrou Télécom Bretagne CS 83818 29238 Brest Cedex 3 France

ISBN : 978-2-8178-0038-7 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2010 Printed in France Springer-Verlag France is a member of the group Springer Science + Business Media First edition in French © Springer-Verlag France 2007 ISBN: 978-2-287-32739-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permissions for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.

Cover design: Jean-François MONTMARCHÉ Cover illustration: Jean-Noël JAFFRY

Codes and Turbo Codes under the direction of Claude Berrou (Télécom Bretagne)

The following have contributed to this work: - Karine Amis, - Matthieu Arzel, - Catherine Douillard, - Alain Glavieux †, - Alexandre Graell i Amat, - Frédéric Guilloud, - Michel Jézéquel, - Sylvie Kerouédan, - Charlotte Langlais, - Christophe Laot, - Raphaël Le Bidan, - Émeric Maury, - Youssouf Ould-Cheikh-Mouhamedou, - Samir Saoudi, - Yannick Saouter, all at Télécom Bretagne, - Gérard Battail, at Télécom ParisTech, - Emmanuel Boutillon, at the Université de Bretagne Sud, with the invaluable assistance of Josette Jouas, Mohamed Koubàa and Nicolas Puech. Translation: Janet Ormrod (Télécom Bretagne). Cover illustration: Jean-Noël Jaffry (Télécom Bretagne). Any comments on the contents of this book can be sent to this e-mail address: [email protected]

"The oldest, shortest words — yes and no — are those which require the most thought" Pythagoras, fifth century BC

To our late lamented colleagues and friends, Alain Glavieux and Gérard Graton.

Foreword What is commonly called the information age began with a double big bang. It was 1948 and the United States of America was continuing to invest heavily in high-tech research, the first advantages of which had been reaped during the Second World War. In the Bell Telephone Laboratories, set up in New Jersey, to the south of New York, several teams were set up around bri