Coding and Decoding of Calcium Signals in Plants
Plants cannot move away from their environments. As a result, all plants that have survived to date have evolved sophisticated signaling mechanisms that allow them to perceive, respond, and adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. Among the
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Series Editors Frantisˇ ek Balusˇ ka Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany Jorge Vivanco Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, 217 Shepardson Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
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Sheng Luan Editor
Coding and Decoding of Calcium Signals in Plants
Editor Prof. Sheng Luan University of California, Berkeley Dept. Plant & Microbial Biology Koshland Hall 451A 94720 Berkeley California USA
ISSN 1867-9048 e-ISSN 1867-9056 ISBN 978-3-642-20828-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-20829-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20829-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935152 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Plants cannot move away from their environments. As a result, all plants that survive to date have evolved sophisticated signaling mechanisms that allow them to perceive, respond, and adapt to the constantly changing environmental conditions. Among the many cellular processes that respond to environmental changes, elevation of calcium levels is by far the most universal messenger that couple the primary signals to the cellular responses. It has been puzzling how calcium, a simple cation, translates so many different signals into distinct responses – how is the “specificity” of signal–response coupling encoded within the calcium changes? Recent research has established a concept called the “calcium signature”: each different signal produces a unique calcium change. Such changes entail not only an elevation in concentration but also changes in the temporal and spatial patterns. In other words, a primary signal activates a number of calcium channels and/or pumps located in the various compartments of a plant cell resulting in fluxes of calcium in a particular space with a unique time course. For instance, a signal can produce a calcium “wave” (or a spiking pattern) along the time course in a particular compartment such as cytosol or nucleus. The combination of these temporal and spatial parameters constitut
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