Cognitive Science and Biomedical Informatics
After reading this chapter, you should know the answers to these questions:
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Cognitive Science and Biomedical Informatics Vimla L. Patel and David R. Kaufman
After reading this chapter, you should know the answers to these questions: • How can cognitive science theory meaningfully inform and shape design, development and assessment of healthcare information systems? • What are some of the ways in which cognitive science differs from behavioral science? • What are some of the ways in which we can characterize the structure of knowledge? • What are the basic HCI and cognitive science methods that are useful for healthcare information system evaluation and design? • What are some of the dimensions of difference between experts and novices? • What are the attributes of system usability? • What are the gulfs of execution and evaluation? What role do these considerations play in system design? • Why is it important to consider cognition and human factors in dealing with issues of patient safety?
V.L. Patel, PhD, DSc (*) Department of Center for Cognitive Studies in Medicine and Public Health, The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] D.R. Kaufman, PhD Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, 13212 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ 85259 e-mail: [email protected]
4.1
Introduction
Enormous advances in health information technologies and more generally, in computing over the course of the past two decades have begun to permeate diverse facets of clinical practice. The rapid pace of technological developments such as the Internet, wireless technologies, and hand-held devices, in the last decade affords significant opportunities for supporting, enhancing and extending user experiences, interactions and communications (Rogers 2004). These advances coupled with a growing computer literacy among healthcare professionals afford the potential for great improvement in healthcare. Yet many observers note that the healthcare system is slow to understand information technology and effectively incorporate it into the work environment (Shortliffe and Blois 2001). Innovative technologies often produce profound cultural, social, and cognitive changes. These transformations necessitate adaptation at many different levels of aggregation from the individual to the larger institution, sometimes causing disruptions of workflow and user dissatisfaction. Similar to other complex domains, biomedical information systems embody ideals in design that often do not readily yield practical solutions in implementation. As computer-based systems infiltrate clinical practice and settings, the consequences often can be felt through all levels of the organization. This impact can have deleterious effects resulting in systemic inefficiencies and suboptimal practice, which can lead to frustrated
E.H. Shortliffe, J.J. Cimino (eds.), Biomedical Informatics, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4474-8_4, © Springer-Verlag London 2014
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healthcare practitioners, unnecessary delays in healthcare delivery, and ev
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