Collecting, Rearing, and Preserving Leaf-Mining Insects
Developing methods to rear phytophagous insects is crucial to reveal the true complexity of interactions between insects and their host plants. Here we focus on leaf-mining insects, an ecological guild across four different orders (Lepidoptera, Diptera, C
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suring Arthropod Biodiversity A Handbook of Sampling Methods
Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity
Jean Carlos Santos • Geraldo Wilson Fernandes Editors
Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity A Handbook of Sampling Methods
Editors Jean Carlos Santos Department of Ecology Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
ISBN 978-3-030-53225-3 ISBN 978-3-030-53226-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53226-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
In 1988, E. O. Wilson, in his book Biodiversity, stated: “The biological diversity most threatened is also the least explored, and there is no prospect at the moment that the scientific task will be completed before a large fraction of the species vanish.” He still goes further to state: “the magnitude and control of biological diversity is not just a central problem of evolutionary biology; it is one of the key problems of science as a whole. At present, there is no way of knowing whether there are 5, 10, or 30 million species on Earth. There is no theory that can predict what this number might turn out to be. […] unless an effort is made to understand all of diversity, we will fall far short of understanding life in these important respects, and due to the accelerating extinction of species, much of our opportunity will slip away forever.” Given the unprecedented levels of human disturbances on the planet, and following the reasoning of E. O. Wilson, it is vital to assess insect biodiversity and
