Color Seal Extraction from Documents: Robustness through Soft Data Fusion
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Color Seal Extraction from Documents: Robustness through Soft Data Fusion Aureli Soria-Frisch Department of Security Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (Fraunhofer IPK), Pascalstrasse 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany Email: [email protected] Received 11 January 2004; Revised 3 January 2005 This paper presents a framework for the extraction of elements characterized by a particular color hue from color document images. The presented approach attains the detection of official seals, which will be thence analyzed by an embedding system in order to detect possible falsifications. The framework is based on the fusion operator denoted as fuzzy integral, whose robustness with respect to changes in the luminance and the saturation of particular hues is due to the use of the ranking among the input data as an influencing factor in the fusion result. The approach is evaluated on a real data set of tax forms delivered by custom houses, showing its successful performance. Keywords and phrases: data fusion, fuzzy integral, image segmentation, color processing, document analysis.
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INTRODUCTION
Offices are one of the human environments rapidly changing due to the evolution of information technologies. Information is abandoning its paper-centered universe to a digitaldata-centered one. Administrative, communication, and filing procedures are driven into a digital domain by the ubiquity of different computation facilities. In this context, image processing methodologies for document analysis interface between these two domains, therefore, continuously being challenged by the real world. The here-presented paper takes into consideration an application for the automated analysis of tax forms in custom houses, whose goal is the detection of falsified seals in these documents. In this context, the approach presented in this paper attains the extraction of the seal from the document color image. Once this segmentation methodology has extracted the pixels corresponding to the seal, the image analysis system embedding it proceeds to the detection of its possible falsification. Thus the paper is centered in the analysis of the segmentation stage. Few methodologies for seal extraction [1, 2, 3] have been hitherto presented in the literature. In [1] the approach is based on the analysis of the seal shape. Since the geometrical aspect of the seals stamped in real offices is extremely variable (i.e., this process cannot be always realized carefully enough), this feature cannot be taken into consideration for the application on hand. Far otherwise the here-presented approach takes the color of the seals as the discriminatory feature in order to segment them from the rest of the document as done
in [2, 3]. These approaches attain the full-color segmentation of the document. The segmented images present in this case no special problems. On the other hand, the segmentation approach detailed in this paper attains the segmentation of hand-printed items in a document, which present a high variability in
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