Combined effect of starch and sucrose on carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm of children with early chi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Combined effect of starch and sucrose on carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm of children with early childhood caries. Exposure to starch and sucrose alters carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm Emerson Tavares de Sousa 1 & Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda 1 & Luciana Solera Sales 1 & Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos 1 Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to starch and sucrose modifies the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in saliva (Study 1) and biofilm (Study 2) of children with early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods For Study 1 and Study 2, respectively, 54 and 46 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 were allocated into two groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Children were exposed to rinses with sucrose, starch, and sucrose plus starch solutions. CA VI activity, pH, and buffering capacity (BC) were evaluated in saliva and biofilm. Results In Study 1, a significant reduction in saliva pH was observed after sucrose and sucrose plus starch rinses. CA VI activity was influenced by ECC independently of the type of carbohydrate to which children were exposed. CA VI activity was higher in children with ECC; however, after rinses, CA VI activity was reduced. In Study 2, biofilm pH and BC were reduced after rinses with sucrose and sucrose plus starch. CA VI activity was significantly high before rinse in ECC group when compared with CF group; however, no difference was observed between groups after rinses. Conclusions In saliva, exposure to starch and sucrose (isolated or combined) induced a reduction in CA VI activity in children with ECC. In biofilm, the combination of starch and sucrose did not modify CA VI activity in ECC children. Clinical relevance The responsivity of the CA VI reflects directly in important parameters related to the pH maintenance on the oral cavity. Keywords Dental caries . Saliva . Biofilm . Carbonic Anhydrase
Introduction Fermentable carbohydrate intake is the most relevant factor related to the onset and progression of early childhood caries [1]. More specifically, the deleterious effect of sugars on the development of carious lesions Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03567-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos [email protected] 1
Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
can depend on the type, frequency, and amount of carbohydrate intake [2–4]. Of all dietary carbohydrates, sucrose is the most cariogenic because of its effect on the biofilm architecture and properties, being the most relevant sugar associated with caries disease [5–7]. However, in the last few years, the relevance of the combined use of sucrose and starch has been inte
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