Combustion calorimetry and its application in the assessment of ecosystems
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Combustion calorimetry and its application in the assessment of ecosystems František Hnilička1 · Helena Hniličková1 · Jiří Kudrna1 · Kamil Kraus1 · Ján Kukla2 · Margita Kuklová2 Received: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Combustion calorimetry is one of the methodological possibilities in biological science disciplines. Using calorimetry, interspecies and interorgan organ differences in the rate of primary and secondary metabolism can be determined. Generally, the lower energy content is usually that of vegetative organs in comparison with the generative organs, whereas stems or leaves have a similar composition of organic matter and a relatively high proportion of ash matter; therefore, their calorific content fluctuates less than in the reproductive organs. The said effect is mainly due to solar energy plant leaves, as the calorific value reflects the utilization of sunlight, water and other natural sources of plants. Most commonly reported values of solar radiation utilization in the field crops range from 1 to 2.5%, but the natural reed vegetation in central Europe during the vegetation utilizes solar radiation from 4 to 7%. The combustion calorimetry method is therefore a suitable method for monitoring the development and stability of natural but also agroforestry ecosystems. Keywords Combustion calorimetry · Caloric value · Biomass · Ecosystems
Introduction Among the methods of thermal analysis, combustion calorimetry is primarily one of the oldest methods, as its foundations were laid as early as the eighteenth century by Hill [1]. Gross calorific value is determined using combustion calorimeters. Lamprecht [2] states that combustion calorimeters are widely used in almost all fields of human activity. Combustion calorimetry is also irreplaceable in waste management and the food and feed industry, but is also one of the important scientific research methods for basic research in the area of natural sciences [3–7]. Hansen et al. [8] states that calorimetry can be used to develop models for biological growth. It is the relationship between breathing the amount of heat, CO2 and O2 and physiological parameters such as
* František Hnilička [email protected] 1
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Institute of Forest Ecology, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Czech Republic
2
the conversion efficiency of the carbon in the substrate and the substrate, and states of carbon oxidation from biomass. Calorimetry plays a significant role in the measurement of plant metabolism properties, as it measures different properties than the standard approaches to measuring metabolism [9, 10]. The combination of combustion calorimetry with the determination of mass and metabolic rate measurement is suitable for the detection of the amount and utilization of energy in metabolism, energy production and translocation in
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