Comparative Germplasm Characterization of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Rajouri Region of Pir Panjal Himalaya J & K (India
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2018 (March) 21 (1) : 43 ~ 55 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-017-0128-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparative Germplasm Characterization of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Rajouri Region of Pir Panjal Himalaya J & K (India), based on Morphological and ISSR Markers Tanvir H. Dar*, Rubiada Shakeel, Shusheel Verma School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri- 185234, Jammu & Kashmir, India Received: September 16, 2017 / Revised: November 27, 2017 / Accepted: December 26, 2017 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2018
Abstract The present study provides an assessment of genetic variability and relationship within and between different cultivars of maize grown across the Rajouri region of the Pir Panjal Himalaya, utilizing morphological and ISSR markers. Morphological descriptors showed significant diversity among cultivars; on morphological cluster analysis, the cultivars 9 and 7 were more related, while cultivars 10 and 3 were distinct. Fifty accessions (5 from each cultivar) were characterized using a DNA-based molecular marker, ISSR. In all, 108 amplification products were generated with 17 ISSR primers, 6.35 fragments with an average \per primer. Out of these, 83 were found to be polymorphic with an overall percentage polymorphism of 75.2%. Total genetic diversity (Ht) and the mean genetic diversity estimated within populations (HS) was 0.2613 and 0.0803, respectively. Gene flow (Nm) and Coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) among the cultivars was 0.2220 and 0.6926, respectively. Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) and (I) were the lowest for cultivar 10 (H = 0.037; I = 0.056) and the highest for cultivar 8 (H = 0.121; I = 0.176). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 35% within group and 65% among group genetic diversity. Based on cluster analysis, cultivar 10 appeared distinct from rest of the cultivars. The high genetic diversity detected in the present study can be utilized in maize breeding programs, wherein the elite genotypes could be crossed with the existing cultivars to form novel gene and trait combinations. Key words : Genetic diversity; morphological descriptors; ISSR markers; maize; germplasm
Introduction Maize is considered among the three important cereals of the world. It is grown in 125 developing countries worldwide, on nearly 10 million hectares (FAOSTAT 2010). The production of maize is expected to be the highest worldwide by 2025, particularly in underdeveloped countries while its demand is predicted to be doubled by 2050 (Rosegrant et al. 2009). In India, production of maize touched 24.35 million tons during 2014-2015, and 2.6 million tons were exported by January 2015 (Yadav 2015). Maize was introduced as a domestic crop many centuries ago; farmers selected landraces showing significant variation in yield, environmental stress tolerance, and nutritive value; thereby adapting to diverse environments. However, overall maize diversity is yet to be explored efficiently. Thus, it is very essential to explore proper genetic Tanvir H. Dar () Emai
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