Comparative Study of the Lower Limb Muscle Tone under the Conditions of Five-day Support Unloading Coupled with Differen
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arative Study of the Lower Limb Muscle Tone under the Conditions of Five-Day Support Unloading Coupled with Different Regimens of Electromyostimulation L. E. Amirovaa, *, N. Yu. Osetskiya, N. V. Shishkina, I. I. Ponomareva, I. V. Rukavishnikova, I. B. Kozlovskayaa, †, and E. S. Tomilovskayaa, ** a
Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received January 31, 2020; revised March 8, 2020; accepted March 20, 2020
Abstract—The method of electromyostimulation is diverse in its manifestation and is widespread in medicine and sports. One of the approaches to assessing the effectiveness of this method is a muscle tone study, because it is known that chronic electrical stimulation directly affects the characteristics of the muscle, changing its strength, endurance, fiber mass, and oxidative capabilities. In our study, we compared the effects of daily low(25 Hz) and high-frequency (50 Hz) electromyostimulation with the control group under the conditions of five-day Dry Immersion in three independent groups of subjects. There was a tendency for the muscle tone in the mm. soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior to decrease by the end of immersion in the control group. Low-frequency stimulation was more effective in preserving the muscle tone of the soleus muscle, while high-frequency stimulation was more effective for the gastrocnemius muscle. Neither low-frequency nor high-frequency stimulation prevented a decrease in the lower leg tibialis anterior muscle tone, although immediately after completion of immersion, its tone was significantly higher than the baseline values compared to the control group. The use of daily sessions of electromyostimulation during five-day support unloading selectively prevents a decrease in the tone of the lower leg muscles. Low-frequency electromyostimulation is most preferable for muscles with the predominant content of slow fibers, while high-frequency stimulation, for fast fibers. Keywords: support unloading, low-frequency electromyostimulation, high-frequency electromyostimulation, muscle tone, Dry Immersion DOI: 10.1134/S0362119720040027
Along with other means of rehabilitation and training in sports [1, 2], clinical [3, 4] and space medicine [5–7], an important place is occupied by electromyostimulation (EMS) methods, the development and research of which are carried out in various laboratories around the world. In order to maintain various properties of skeletal muscles, the choice of EMS modes and protocols should take into account the specific features of tissue organization of the skeletal muscle of mammals. Human skeletal muscles are formed by two types of fibers, “slow” and “fast”, differing in functional properties. The number and ratio of fiber types in different muscles is not the same. Muscles, mainly consisting of slow fibers, are characterized by high endurance and long durations of contraction, but, at the same time, a low maximum strength and speed of contraction. On th
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