Comparative study of the mechanical and tribological properties of a Hadfield and a Fermanal steel
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Comparative study of the mechanical and tribological properties of a Hadfield and a Fermanal steel P. C. Astudillo A.1 · A. F. Soriano G.1 · G. M. Barona Osorio2 · H. S´anchez Sthepa1 · J. Ramos3 · J. F. Dur´an2 · G. A. P´erez Alc´azar2
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
Abstract In this study, Fe-12.50Mn-1.10C-1.70Cr-0.40Mo-0.40Si-0.50(max)P-0.50(max)S (Hadfield alloy) and Fe-28.4Mn-0.86C-1.63Al-0.42Cu-1.80Mo-1.59Si-0.60W (Fermanal alloy) (Wt. %) in the aged condition were compared in terms of its tribological and microstructural properties. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were refined with the lines of the austenitic γ -phase, Chromium Iron Carbide (Cr2 Fe14 C), Iron Carbide (Fe2 C), and Iron Oxide (Fe0.974 O (II)) for the Hadfield alloy, and the lines of the austenitic γ phase, martensite (M), Mn1.1 Al0.9 phase and iron carbide (Fe7 C3 ) for the Fermanal alloy. M¨ossbauer spectra were fit with two sites for the Hadfield alloy, which displayed as a broad singlet because of the austenitic disordered phase, and had a magnetic hyperfine field distribution, which corresponds to the Cr2 Fe14 C ferromagnetic carbides found by XRD. There were two paramagnetic sites, a singlet, which corresponds to the austenite disordered phase, and a doublet, which can be attributed to the Fe7 C3 carbide. The obtained Rockwell C hardness for aged Hadfield and Fermanal alloys were 43.786 and 50.018 HRc, respectively. Keywords Hadfield steel · Fermanal steel · Mechanical properties · X-Ray diffraction · M¨ossbauer spectroscopy
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Proceedings of the 15th Latin American Conference on the Applications of the M¨ossbauer Effect (LACAME 2016), 13–18 November 2016, Panama City, Panama Edited by Juan A. Ja´en G. M. Barona Osorio
[email protected] 1
Escuela de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia
2
Departamento de F´ısica, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia
3
Universidad Aut´onoma de Occidente, Km. 2 v´ıa Jamund´ı, Cali, Colombia
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Hyperfine Interact (2017) 238:56
1 Introduction In 1882, one of the first alloyed steels, manganese steel, which is composed of approximately 1.2% C and 12% Mn, was discovered by a metallurgist, Sir Robert Abbot Hadfield. The discovery of this steel is recognized as a landmark in metallurgical history, which was seen as the beginning of the age of alloy steels [1]. This alloy possesses properties such as high work hardening, high toughness, good ductility and wear resistance [2]. Currently, this steel is still widely used with some variations of its C and Mn compositions and the addition of alloying elements, such as chromium, vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, aluminum, nitrogen, among others [3]. The common compositions established by ASTM Standard A128 [4] for this steel allow for composition ranges from 1.0 to 1.4% C and from 10 to 14% Mn. Commercial alloys with manganese contents higher than 12% are seldom used because of their cost [5]. Hadfield steels have an
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