Comparative Tolerability of Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Drug Safety 2000 Nov; 23 (5): 429-448 0114-5916/00/0011-0429/$20.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.
Comparative Tolerability of Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Robert B. Stein1 and Stephen B. Hanauer2 1
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 2 Pritzker School of Medicine University of Chicago, Clinical IBD Research Center, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Aminosalicylates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Sulfasalazine and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Clinical Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Mechanism of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Corticosteroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Clinical Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Mechanism of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Alternative Corticosteroid Preparations . . . . . . . . . . 3. Immunomodulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Azathioprine and Mercaptopurine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Clinical Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Mechanism of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Methotrexate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 3.2.2 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Cyclosporin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 3.3.2 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Investigational Immunomodulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Tacrolimus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 4.1.2 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Mycophenolate Mofetil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 4.2.2 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Antibacterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Metronidazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 5.1.2 Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Ciprofloxacin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Novel Biological Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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