Comparing the efficiency of countries to assimilate and apply research investment
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Comparing the efficiency of countries to assimilate and apply research investment Barbara S. Lancho‑Barrantes1 · Hector G. Ceballos‑Cancino2 · Francisco J. Cantu‑Ortiz2 Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract One of the main purposes of the countries’ economic expenditure in research is to achieve higher levels of scientific results which could impact in better living standards for society. Besides, research efficiency could be considered as a way of getting the largest number of scientific results with the minimum amount of financial investment. To assess the repercus‑ sion of research investment in scientific production and measure scientific efficiency we selected a sample of 19 countries representing each region of the world. We used 17 years of social and economic indicators from the UNESCO database, and scientific data from Scopus and SciVal. We introduce two new notions of economic efficiency for national research systems: one based on the capability for assimilating R&D investment, and another based on overall productivity and impact. Through a causal model based on multi‑ ple linear regression on panel data, we model assimilation efficiency and confirm that the scientific production of a country can be explained in 98% through the GERD expressed as a percentage of GDP, and the number of Academic and Research Institutions that concen‑ trate at least 50% of the national scientific production. And to measure countries efficiency on productivity and impact we introduce four indicators that quantify the relation between economic inputs and scientific outputs (dollars per paper (DPP), dollars per citation (DPC), citations received per 1,000 dollars invested (CIREDI) and papers produced per 1,000 dol‑ lars invested (PAPPDI)). Keywords Scientific production · Citations · Economic investment in research · Research efficiency · Panel data regression
* Barbara S. Lancho‑Barrantes b.s.lancho‑[email protected] Hector G. Ceballos‑Cancino [email protected] Francisco J. Cantu‑Ortiz [email protected] 1
University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
2
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
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1 Introduction Research is an ensemble of activities performed to produce scientific knowledge con‑ tributing with this to the development and progress of the entire society. Research results are mainly disseminated through scientific papers, reviews, conference proceed‑ ings, even monographs or book-chapters (Rivera et al. 2009). The resulting collection of documents is known as scientific production which may correspond to the productivity of a year, a specific period, a researcher, a research group, an institution, a discipline, or even a whole country (Zhang et al. 2013). The amount of scientific production can increase, decrease or become stagnant because is an unfixed parameter influenced by many other external features of eco‑ nomic, sociological, cultural, and political nature (Gantman 2012). Moreov
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