Comparison of dynamic compressive flow behavior of mild and medium steels over wide temperature range
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INTRODUCTION
CONTINUOUS improvements in metallurgy and manufacturing technologies have led to a significant increase in the production and application of carbon steels over 100 years ago.[1–4] Nowadays, these materials are available cheaply and offer excellent ductility and reliability characteristics. Hence, carbon steels are widely used in the manufacture of a variety of mechanical, structural, and power translation components. Although many new nonferrous alloys have been developed in recent years, carbon steels continue to play a vital role in modern industry. Due to their wide application, steel components are highly likely to be subjected to high-strain-rate deformation during their application and manufacture. Consequently, many researchers have investigated the dynamic flow behavior of carbon steels in recent decades.[5–9] For example, Campbell and Ferguson[5] obtained the shear stress of mild carbon steel (AISI 1012) in the strain-rate range of 103 s1 to 4 104 s1 under temperatures varying between 195 and 713 K. They concluded that the strain-rate sensitivity of carbon steel varies as a decreasing function of temperature. Moreover, at strain rates below 102 s1, the flow stress varies virtually linearly with the value of the logarithmic strain rate. Shirakashi and co-workers[6,7] developed a rapid heating system for a splitHopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) in order to investigate the dynamic flow characteristics of mild steel under different
WOEI-SHYAN LEE, Professor, and CHEN-YANG LIU, Graduate Student, are with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted October 3, 2004. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
temperatures. The authors also presented an empirical constitutive equation to describe the flow behavior of mild steel. This equation considered not only the strain rate, temperature, and strain effects, but also the history effects of the strain rate and temperature. The results of their study are applicable to the analysis of the plastic zone in the machining of steel. Itabashi and Kawata[8] selected seven different steels in an experimental investigation into the influence of the carbon content on the dynamic mechanical properties of steel. The authors also developed a simple empirical equation to predict the yielding strength at high strain rate, under room temperature, based on the relative contents of carbon and manganese. Ogawa[9] developed a new technique using the SHPB apparatus to generate two sequential reverse-direction dynamic loading waves, i.e., a compression wave followed by a tension wave. Using the proposed technique, the Baushinger effect was observed during the high-speed deformation of 0.45 pct C carbon steel and other metals as the alternating compression-tension loading wave propagated through the specimen. The author reported that reverse loading deformation leads to a reduction of the yield strength at both high and low strain rates. The st
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