Comparison of Sensitivity of Tropical Freshwater Microalgae to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Cadmium and He
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Comparison of Sensitivity of Tropical Freshwater Microalgae to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Cadmium and Hexavalent Chromium in Three Types of Growth Media Thilini Munagamage1 · I. V. N. Rathnayake1 · A. Pathiratne2 · Mallavarapu Megharaj3 Received: 22 July 2019 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sensitivity of tropical freshwater microalgae (Mesotaenium sp., Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) to environmentally relevant concentrations of hexavalent chromium ( Cr6+) and cadmium ( Cd2+) was compared individually in three growth media viz. Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM), Test Medium 1 (TM1) and Test Medium 2 (TM2) based on fluorescence reduction. Free metal content of growth media was determined by Visual MINTEQ (version 3.1). After 24 h, relative fluorescence of microalgae in the three media decreased with increased metal concentration showing a concentration dependent graded toxicity response. All microalgae were more sensitive to the metals when grown in TM1, when compared, more sensitive to Cr6+ than Cd2+. Metal speciation indicated that TM1 and TM2 media have higher percentage of bioavailable Cd2+ than BBM, and chromium was present mainly as CrO42− and HCrO4−. The results suggest that the TM1 medium is more suitable under short term exposure of microalgae to metals in environmental monitoring. Keywords Tropical microalgae · Hexavalent chromium · Cadmium · Fluorescence · Growth media Accumulation of chromium and cadmium in the aquatic environment by anthropogenic activities is a wildly recognized pollution issue. Chromium exists in the aquatic environment mainly in two oxidation states viz. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) of which the hexavalent form can easily cross biological membranes (Cervantes et al. 2001). Chromium presents a main environmental concern especially due to the effluents discharged by different types of industries such as chemical, steel and textile manufacturing, electroplating and leather Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02950-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * I. V. N. Rathnayake [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ 11600, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ 11600, Sri Lanka
3
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
tanning industries. Cadmium is persistent in nature and once absorbed by an organism, remains in the organism for a long period of time. Cadmium derives its toxicological properties from its chemical similarity to zinc forming C d2+ ion. Cd is mostly used in Ni-Cd batteries, pigments, electroplating and as stabilizers for plastics (Adriano 2001). These metals are concentra
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