Comparison of TEC from IRI-2016 and GPS during the low solar activity over Turkey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparison of TEC from IRI-2016 and GPS during the low solar activity over Turkey M. Arslan Tariq1,2,3
· Munawar Shah4,5 · Samed Inyurt6 · M. Ali Shah1 · Libo Liu2,3,7,8
Received: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This paper presents the performance of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI2016) model for estimating the Total Electron Content (TEC) variations in the mid-latitudinal Turkish regions during low solar activity years (2015–2018). Moreover, TEC is estimated from dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers operating in different regions of Turkey: Zonguldak (41.44 °N, 31.77 °E), Ankara (39.88 °N, 32.75 °E) and Antalya (36.88 °N, 30.66 °E). The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations in the measured TEC are compared with the prediction of modelled TEC. The results reveal minimum variations in the diurnal TEC after midnight hours 21:00–24:00 Universal Time (UT = LT + 3:00 hrs) and maximum TEC enhancement during the daytime from 9:00–15:00 UT (12:00–18:00 LT). The monthly mean TEC
B M.A. Tariq
[email protected]; [email protected]
1
2
Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
4
Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Space Education and GNSS Lab, National Centre of GIS and Space Application, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpa¸sa University, Tokat, Turkey
7
Mohe National Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
8
Innovation Academy of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
from measured and modelled estimation depicts the highest and lowest values in April and December during the years 2015–2018, respectively. Moreover, the low and high seasonal variations are observed in equinoxes and winter solstice, respectively. Furthermore, it is observed that IRI2016 model underestimates the measured values, especially during the daytime (12:00–18:00 LT) at each station. The correlation coefficient between the measured and modelled TEC is found in the range (R = 0.81–0.85) during the years 2015–2018, which exhibits a high positive correlation over the regions. The model predicted TEC is showing a good agreement with measured TEC of the ionospheric dynamics over the regions, which manifests the radio signals accuracy over the mid-latitude regions, particularly Turkey. Keywords Mid-latitude ionosphere · TEC · GPS · IRI-2016 · Low solar activity
1 Introduction The Earth’s upper atmospheric layer extending from 50 to 1000 km contains a significant number of free electrons and ions that can influence the radi
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