Compensation method for the image motion of a rotary-scan space camera
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Compensation method for the image motion of a rotary‑scan space camera Yingying Sun1,2,3 · Jin Zeng1,2 · Yejin Li1,2 · Peng Rao1,2 · Tingliang Hu1,2 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Space-borne observation using optical detection requires wide-area and high-resolution imaging. We propose and demonstrate a novel rotary-scan space camera for remote sensing. The camera has a 2-m resolution and it is designed with an extra-wide swath of 1000 km and a wide image motion range. The motion range is achieved with the inclination and rotation of the optical axis. To avoid image blurring, an opto-mechanical method using a 2D fast steering mirror and a timely rotating detector is proposed to compensate for the rotary-scan image motion, which is over 200 pixels and spatial-variant. Finally, a physical simulation was conducted where the image motion was reduced from 20 pixels to less than 1 pixel with more than 95% compensation, validating the efficiency of the image motion compensation scheme and the feasibility of the rotary-scan imaging mode. Keywords Wide-area · High-resolution · Rotary-scan · Image motion compensation · Space camera
1 Introduction Wide-area coverage and high-resolution are two important goals for optical remote sensor applications (Sun et al. 2015). To expand the observation area, one can choose a higher orbit, a larger field of view, a bigger detector size or an optical-mechanical scanner (Liang et al. 2017; Gale et al. 1992; Barale et al. 2008). However, a higher orbit means a lower ground spatial resolution, a larger field of view requires higher complexity optical designs and a larger detector size implies difficult splicing. Optical-mechanical scanning (Li and Zhou 2009) is an effective way to increase the coverage width while maintaining high spatial resolution, without increasing the size of detectors and the difficulty of optical design. For example, SPOT-5 HRG sensors achieved a swath of 60 km and spatial resolution of 4 m, at an orbital height of 822 km, using push broom sensors (Toutin 2004). In addition, * Peng Rao [email protected] 1
Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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WorldView-3 sensors can achieve swaths of 65 km and resolution of 0.31 m at an orbital height of 617 km through push broom and bands splicing (Longbotham et al. 2014). Nevertheless, these advances are still not enough to meet the increasing demand for improved optical wide-area remote observation. Thus, researchers continue to search for more effective imaging modes which could achieve over 1000 km wide coverage and near 1 m high resolution imaging at the same time. A notable rotary-scan imaging mode (Yin et al. 2019; Song et al.
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