Competition between Diachasmimorpha kraussii and Fopius arisanus in Bactrocera tryoni : does native parasitoid-host asso
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Competition between Diachasmimorpha kraussii and Fopius arisanus in Bactrocera tryoni: does native parasitoid-host association matter? Kiran Mahat
. Anthony R. Clarke
Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract In Australia Fopius arisanus (Sonan) is an established, but exotic fruit fly egg-larval-pupal parasitoid which co-occurs with Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway), a native larval-pupal fruit fly parasitoid: both attack the native fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). In interactions involving evolutionary novel host-parasitoid associations, F. arisanus consistently out-competes other parasitoid species, including D. kraussii. However, in fruit fly-parasitoid systems where there is co-evolutionary history between parasitoids and their hosts, competitive hierarchies can vary. In this study we investigated the outcome of competition between F. arisanus and D. kraussii within B. tryoni, to test whether the close evolutionary relationship between D. kraussii and B. tryoni might circumvent the competitive advantage of F. arisanus. Consistent with previous research, and despite the evolutionary relationship, dissection of multiparasitized B. tryoni larvae showed that D.
kraussii was invariably suppressed by F. arisanus. A total of 47% and 74% of the eggs of D. kraussii in presence of F. arisanus were killed within a span of 24 h and 48–72 h, respectively. However, parasitoid emergence from fruit fly hosts exposed sequentially to F. arsianus and D. kraussii suggest that D. kraussii females are able to discriminate hosts already parasitized by F. arisanus. Results show that the coevolutionary relationship between B. tryoni and D. kraussii does not help overcome the early-acting advantage of the egg parasitoid F. arisanus. Though F. arisanus may not have completely displaced D. kraussii in its native habitat, simultaneous inundative releases of these two parasitoid species (currently under consideration) might not help increase B. tryoni parasitism levels. Keywords Fopius arisanus Diachasmimorpha kraussii Opiinae Bactrocera tryoni Intrinsic competition
Handling Editor: Josep Anton Jaques Miret. K. Mahat (&) A. R. Clarke School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane City, QLD 4001, Australia e-mail: [email protected] K. Mahat National Plant Protection Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
Introduction The release of multiple natural enemies as part of biological control programs can lead to competitive interactions between those natural enemies (Watt 1965). In nature, multiple species of parasitoids can attack a single species of host, often leading to
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competition between parasitoid adults (extrinsic competition), or between immature stages of the parasitoids developing within a single host (intrinsic competition) (Bogra´n et al.
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