Compositional Dependence of Optical and Structural Properties of Nanogranular Mixed ZrO 2 /ZnO/SnO 2 Thin Film
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he past decade, numerous studies have investigated the fascinating potential of bio-inert zirconia (ZrO2) in a wide range of applications, including as a toughening agent in ceramics, in fluorescence bioimaging, in dielectric and ferroelectric films in electronics and sensors, in catalysis, as a photocatalyst for decomposition of pollutants, and as an optical coating. The ZrO2 photoluminescence (PL) emission property has also been a subject of great research.[1–6] The PL emission of ZrO2 in the short-wavelength range is favorable for use in compact disc read heads.[7] Moreover, it is believed that ZrO2 has the potential to emerge as a key component of next-generation dynamic random access memory in the future.[3] Since ZrO2 as a ceramic material has high chemical and mechanical durability, tuning its optical and structural characteristics can make it applicable for a wide range of applications.[4] Needless to say, nanocomposites and alloys are coming out as fruitful structures that
S. SALARI and F.E. GHODSI are with the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Iran. Contact email: [email protected] Manuscript submitted October 13, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
can enhance the efficacy of functional purposes.[4,8,9] In this regard, mounting interest in the scientific community has been devoted to preparation of mixed-metal oxide thin films to achieve the desired performance. The aforementioned properties have been turned to be in correlation with the component ratio. The great selectivity for the facile preparation of the films with modified PL characters (including intensity, broadness, and peak position), advantageous optical performance (high refractive index, low optical loss, etc.), and morphological properties is highly demanded for applications such as optical waveguides, light emitting devices, and ultraviolet (UV) shielding.[10,11] Up to now, several binary and ternary systems, containing ZrO2 combined with metal oxides, such as ZnO, SnO2, TiO2, CeO2, SiO2, and In2O3, have been reported.[8–13] Notwithstanding the potential abilities of ternary metal oxides, less research was found on these oxides compared with those of single and ternary phases. Recently, thorough investigations on the optical properties of ternary sol-gel thin films comprising CeO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 have been reported.[8,14] The variation of component ratio (Ti to Zr) turned out to be an effective way to optimize optical characters. It has been found that in optimum conditions, amorphous thin films could serve as counterelectrodes in electrochromic devices.[8] Primarily, in their structural analysis, Mountjoy et al. successfully confirmed the homogenous
incorporation of Zr and Ti oxides into the SiO2 matrix to obtain the ternary TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2 aerogels.[15] Ternary alloy thin films comprising Mg-Zr-Ni, which served in the electrochromic switchable mirror, have proven to be more efficient than their binary counterpart.[16] Despite the vast study on the manipulation of ZrO2, ZnO, and SnO
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