Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD): An Introduction
Computational Fluid Particle Dynamics (CFPD) is an emerging research field that involves interdisciplinary research areas with a broad range of applications. Fluid-particle flows can be found all around us, from the airborne particles we breathe to indust
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Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD): An Introduction
1.1 What is CFPD Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD) is an emerging research field that involves interdisciplinary research areas with a broad range of applications. Fluid-particle flows can be found all around us, from the airborne particles we breathe to industrial applications such as fuel spray in internal combustion engines, fluidised bed combustors, and mineral processing to name a few. In the health, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields, interest is increasing in the use of computational modelling for inhalation toxicology analysis, effectiveness of drug delivery systems, respiratory and physiological flows. Computational modelling is being used in many industries as a valuable tool for cost and cycle time reductions during product development, and it can provide proof of concept for model designs. This technique has been encouraged by the rapid developments in computational models to reflect the physics, which is in line with the increase in computing power. From an elementary viewpoint, CFPD can be seen as an extension of the wellknown and established Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) knowledge, with additional modelling requirements to reflect the particle dynamics within the fluid flow (Fig. 1.1). The “Computational” of CFD refers to the study of the fluid flow represented by mathematical equations, which are solved using computer programs or software packages. The term “Fluid Dynamics” encompasses both the study of fluids either in motion (fluid in dynamic mode) or at rest (fluid in stationary mode). However, it is particularly dedicated to the former, fluids that are in motion—in their dynamic state. The evolution of CFD can be traced back to its development within the high technology aerospace/aeronautical industries, which has forged the way to today’s CFD. In its early beginnings, the models accounted for one and only one single fluid that is in motion. Today we see advances in CFD modelling for flows that often include at least a secondary phase which are commonly referred to as multiphase flows. For example, simulation of dust inhalation will involve a primary phase, air, and the secondary phase, the solid dust particle. Modelling for these types of flows can also involve chemical reactions (e.g., coal combustion, steam production from boiling water) or non-chemical reactions (e.g., granule flow). This book covers the J. Tu et al., Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System, Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4488-2_1, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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1 Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD): An Introduction
Fig. 1.1 The addition of particle dynamics with other disciplines to make-up the multi-disciplinary CFPD
computational modelling of fluid-particle flows and the interactions between the two phases within the respiratory system.
1.2 Advantages of CFPD The exponential growth in computing power, advancemen
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