Computational Intelligence Techniques in Vehicle to Everything Networks: A Review
The remarkable developments in wireless communication technologies in recent years along with the anticipation of further advances in these technologies have stimulated the efforts to investigate vehicle to everything (V2X) communication to increase road
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Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt [email protected] Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt {eemmohamed,hehefny}@cu.edu.eg
Abstract. The remarkable developments in wireless communication technologies in recent years along with the anticipation of further advances in these technologies have stimulated the efforts to investigate vehicle to everything (V2X) communication to increase road safety, improve traffic management, and facilitate infotainment applications. V2X communication is based either on cellular infrastructures such as 4G and 5G, or wireless LAN technologies such as the IEEE 802 protocol family. Several challenges, however, face the deployment of V2X. Examples of these challenges are routing, security, and analysis of collected data. Several research efforts have investigated computational intelligence methods to tackle these issues. In this paper, we review recent advances in computational intelligence in V2X communications. First, we provide preliminaries of V2X communication. Second, we discuss classical and computational intelligence solutions in V2X communication. Last, we present open problems and research challenges that need to be addressed to realize the full potential of V2X systems. Keywords: V2X V2V V2I Computational intelligence
Smart city Intelligent transport systems
1 Introduction Recently, demands for wireless-based systems has been witnessing an enormous increase in smart cities. Transportation systems, particularly, have started to deploy wireless technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth, 4G, and 5G to support communications between vehicles. Connected vehicles, also referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), enables many new services that aim at enhancing road safety, improving traffic management, and providing infotainment applications [1]. These applications signify the need for next-generation mobile vehicular networks that provide low latency, high throughput, and better packet delivery. The promising 5G communication systems use various technologies such as new radio frequencies (NR), massive MIMO, edge computing, beam-forming, millimeter-wave, and small cells to reach data rates up to 10 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 A. E. Hassanien et al. (Eds.): AISI 2020, AISC 1261, pp. 803–815, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58669-0_71
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H. A. M. Sayedahmed et al.
Gbps, support real-time applications, and cover vehicle speeds from 0 km/h up to 500 km/h with a robust quality of service (QoS) to support a variety of services [2]. In V2X communication, vehicles have the main characteristics of sensing, communicating, computing, and actuating with other devices. V2X communication can be defined as the exchange of data between vehicles and other units such as pedestrians, Internet gateways, and transport units such as traffic lights and signs that are part of an intelligent transportation system (ITS).
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