Computer-aided classification of the mitral regurgitation using multiresolution local binary pattern
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Computer-aided classification of the mitral regurgitation using multiresolution local binary pattern Arun Balodi1
•
R. S. Anand1 • M. L. Dewal2 • Anurag Rawat3
Received: 29 May 2017 / Accepted: 18 December 2018 Ó Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract This paper introduces a computer-aided classification (CAC) system for the severity analysis of mitral regurgitation (MR) utilizing multiresolution local binary pattern variants texture features. Initially, the Gaussian pyramid has been used as a multiresolution technique. Subsequently, seven variants of the local binary pattern (LBP) have been employed to extract the features. At last, support vector machine and random forest classifiers are used for classification. The performances of conventional LBP variants and proposed features have been evaluated on MR image database in three classes, i.e., mild, moderate, and severe, in three different views. The Gaussian pyramid-based center-symmetric local binary pattern performed well in all three views. The achieved classification accuracies are 95.66 ± 0.98% in the apical 2 chamber, 94.47 ± 1.91% in the apical 4 chamber and 94.21 ± 1.31% in parasternal long axis views using SVM classifier with the tenfold cross-validation. The outcomes of paper confirm that the performance of the conventional LBP features is enhanced significantly and the proposed CAC system is useful in assisting cardiologists in the severity analysis of MR. Keywords Mitral regurgitation Texture analysis Gaussian pyramid Local binary patterns Computer-aided classification system
1 Introduction Echocardiography (cardiac ultrasound) has become the most widely used imaging modality to assess patients with heart diseases. The color Doppler echocardiography has become the foremost technique in the diagnosis of valvular regurgitation. The most common type of echocardiogram is the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). The procurement of the heart images using this modality is simple, costeffective, non-invasive, and un-harmful [1]. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most perceived valvular disorder in modern clinical practice. The significant MR roughly affects 2% of the population including males and & Arun Balodi [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
3
Department of Cardiology, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
females equally [2]. It is known as the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) during the systole process. As this leakage increases, less blood is pumped into the body via the aorta. The heart compensates for this and tries to pump harder that results in heart failure. The mitral valve can be visualized by placing the transducer or probe near the chest or the abdomen of the patients in three views, namely apical 2 chamber (A2C), apical 4 chamber
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